142
6 months of age, significant alterations in pancreatic β-cell function, marked glucose
intolerance, and insulin resistance have been observed upon the treatment with BPA
(10 or 100 mg/kg/day) from day 9 to 16 of gestation.
Organophosphates (OPs)
OPs are also well known as a group of non-persistent chemicals which are widely
used as lubricants, insecticides, oil additives, plasticizers, herbicides, and chemical
weapons. These organophosphates have replaced persistent organochlorine pesticides due to their biodegradable nature. A positive association exists between OPs
exposure and diabetes prevalence confirmed through several human studies [50–
53]. Intestinal inhabiting bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus
plantarum, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus lactis, and Lactobacillus fermentum
were also found to degrade chlorpyrifos, a widely used OP related insecticide [54].
Conclusion
According to the significant evidence, it is stated that endocrine disruptors have
their role in various disorders related to metabolism. So, it is recommended that
regulatory authorities also WHO should pay attention to the production of endocrinedisrupting chemicals and their release as a policy to control metabolic disorders.
The assessment of new chemicals or chemical compounds for their effects on the
gut microbiota should be observed and added to the traditional toxicity assessment
tests as these chemicals cause modulation of gut microbiota and provide preventive
measures that how to keep itself away from the reach of these harmful chemicals.
There is a small number of data supporting the field based studies. Therefore, the
association of gut microbiota with EDCs and metabolic disorders remains mostly
unexplored. So, to elucidate the interplay between EDCs, gut microbiota, and metabolic disorders, further research will be necessary.
Acknowledgements This work has been financially supported by the research grants (5661/
Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016, 6429/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016, and 8365/Punjab/NRPU/
R&D/HEC/2017) received from the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan.
Conflict of Interest Nothing to declare.
References
1. Monneret C. What is an endocrine disruptor? C R Biol. 2017;340(9-10):403–5.
2. Rhomberg LR, Goodma JE, Foster WG, Borgert CJ, Van-Der KG. A critique of the European
Commission document, “State of the Art Assessment of Endocrine Disrupters”. Crit Rev
Toxicol. 2012;42(6):465–73.
F. Fiayyaz et al.
6 months of age, significant alterations in pancreatic β-cell function, marked glucose
intolerance, and insulin resistance have been observed upon the treatment with BPA
(10 or 100 mg/kg/day) from day 9 to 16 of gestation.
Organophosphates (OPs)
OPs are also well known as a group of non-persistent chemicals which are widely
used as lubricants, insecticides, oil additives, plasticizers, herbicides, and chemical
weapons. These organophosphates have replaced persistent organochlorine pesticides due to their biodegradable nature. A positive association exists between OPs
exposure and diabetes prevalence confirmed through several human studies [50–
53]. Intestinal inhabiting bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus
plantarum, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus lactis, and Lactobacillus fermentum
were also found to degrade chlorpyrifos, a widely used OP related insecticide [54].
Conclusion
According to the significant evidence, it is stated that endocrine disruptors have
their role in various disorders related to metabolism. So, it is recommended that
regulatory authorities also WHO should pay attention to the production of endocrinedisrupting chemicals and their release as a policy to control metabolic disorders.
The assessment of new chemicals or chemical compounds for their effects on the
gut microbiota should be observed and added to the traditional toxicity assessment
tests as these chemicals cause modulation of gut microbiota and provide preventive
measures that how to keep itself away from the reach of these harmful chemicals.
There is a small number of data supporting the field based studies. Therefore, the
association of gut microbiota with EDCs and metabolic disorders remains mostly
unexplored. So, to elucidate the interplay between EDCs, gut microbiota, and metabolic disorders, further research will be necessary.
Acknowledgements This work has been financially supported by the research grants (5661/
Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016, 6429/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016, and 8365/Punjab/NRPU/
R&D/HEC/2017) received from the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan.
Conflict of Interest Nothing to declare.
References
1. Monneret C. What is an endocrine disruptor? C R Biol. 2017;340(9-10):403–5.
2. Rhomberg LR, Goodma JE, Foster WG, Borgert CJ, Van-Der KG. A critique of the European
Commission document, “State of the Art Assessment of Endocrine Disrupters”. Crit Rev
Toxicol. 2012;42(6):465–73.
F. Fiayyaz et al.