131
atherosclerosis, or stimulation of pro-inflammatory mediator production can occur
despite the effective course of antibiotics because of antibiotic resistance [34, 35].
Conclusion
Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge which requires international actions and
investment as well to preserve our existing antibiotics and development of new
agents by pharmaceutical companies to address these challenges. In a similar way,
EDCs are also a growing problem which can affect the health status of hundreds of
thousands of humans. Therefore, this is the need of time to control the exposure of
EDCs to overcome metabolic disorders and implement new policies and treatment
strategies to use antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and associated antibiotic
resistance.
Conflict of Interest Nothing to declare.
References
1. Heindel JJ, Blumberg B, Cave M, Machtinger R, Mantovani A, Mendez MA, Nadal A, Palanza
P, Panzica G, Sargis R, Vandenberg LN, vom Saal F. Metabolism disrupting chemicals and
metabolic disorders. Reprod Toxicol. 2017;68:3–33.
2. Heindel JJ, Balbus J, Birnbaum L, Brune-Drisse MN, Grandjean P, Gray K, Landrigan PJ, Sly
PD, Suk W, Cory Slechta D, Thompson C, Hanson M. Developmental origins of health and
disease: integrating environmental influences. Endocrinology. 2015;156(10):3416–21.
3. Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, Heindel JJ, Jacobs DR Jr, Lee DH, Shioda T, Soto AM,
vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Zoeller RT, Myers JP. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev. 2012;33(3):378–455.
4. Papalou O, Kandaraki EA, Papadakis G, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: an occult mediator of metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:112.
5. World Health Organization. State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Available
from https://www.who.int/ceh/publications/endocrine/en/.
6. Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, Toppari J, Zoeller RT. EDC2: the endocrine society’s second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Endocr Rev. 2015;36(6):E1–e150.
7. Rhomberg LR, Goodman JE. Low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose-responses of endocrine
disrupting chemicals: has the case been made? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012;64(1):130–3.
8. Tabb MM, Blumberg B. New modes of action for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Mol
Endocrinol. 2006;20(3):475–82.
9. Schug TT, Janesick A, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and disease
susceptibility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011;127(3-5):204–15.
10. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, Zoeller
RT, Gore AC. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an endocrine society scientific statement.
Endocr Rev. 2009;30(4):293–342.
8 Antibiotic Resistance in EDCs-Induced Metabolic Disorders
atherosclerosis, or stimulation of pro-inflammatory mediator production can occur
despite the effective course of antibiotics because of antibiotic resistance [34, 35].
Conclusion
Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge which requires international actions and
investment as well to preserve our existing antibiotics and development of new
agents by pharmaceutical companies to address these challenges. In a similar way,
EDCs are also a growing problem which can affect the health status of hundreds of
thousands of humans. Therefore, this is the need of time to control the exposure of
EDCs to overcome metabolic disorders and implement new policies and treatment
strategies to use antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and associated antibiotic
resistance.
Conflict of Interest Nothing to declare.
References
1. Heindel JJ, Blumberg B, Cave M, Machtinger R, Mantovani A, Mendez MA, Nadal A, Palanza
P, Panzica G, Sargis R, Vandenberg LN, vom Saal F. Metabolism disrupting chemicals and
metabolic disorders. Reprod Toxicol. 2017;68:3–33.
2. Heindel JJ, Balbus J, Birnbaum L, Brune-Drisse MN, Grandjean P, Gray K, Landrigan PJ, Sly
PD, Suk W, Cory Slechta D, Thompson C, Hanson M. Developmental origins of health and
disease: integrating environmental influences. Endocrinology. 2015;156(10):3416–21.
3. Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, Heindel JJ, Jacobs DR Jr, Lee DH, Shioda T, Soto AM,
vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Zoeller RT, Myers JP. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev. 2012;33(3):378–455.
4. Papalou O, Kandaraki EA, Papadakis G, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: an occult mediator of metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:112.
5. World Health Organization. State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Available
from https://www.who.int/ceh/publications/endocrine/en/.
6. Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, Toppari J, Zoeller RT. EDC2: the endocrine society’s second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Endocr Rev. 2015;36(6):E1–e150.
7. Rhomberg LR, Goodman JE. Low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose-responses of endocrine
disrupting chemicals: has the case been made? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012;64(1):130–3.
8. Tabb MM, Blumberg B. New modes of action for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Mol
Endocrinol. 2006;20(3):475–82.
9. Schug TT, Janesick A, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and disease
susceptibility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011;127(3-5):204–15.
10. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, Zoeller
RT, Gore AC. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an endocrine society scientific statement.
Endocr Rev. 2009;30(4):293–342.
8 Antibiotic Resistance in EDCs-Induced Metabolic Disorders