Table 2.1 Glacial and post-glacial lakes of the Great Lakes basin
Dates (kyr BP)
Superior
Michigan
Huron
Erie
Ontario
13.8
[ice]
Chicago (Glenwood)
Maumee
Maumee
[ice]
Arkona
Arkona
Whittlesey
Whittlesey
Warren
Wayne
Chicago (Calumet)
Warren
Grassmere
Lundy
Lundy
12.4
[ice]
Early Lake Algonquin (Toleston)
Early Lake Algonquin
Early Lake Erie
Iroquois (Earliest)
11.2
Duluth
Main Lake Algonquin
Main Lake Algonquin
Early Lake Erie
Iroquois (Main)
10.2
Duluth
Chippewa
Stanley
Early Lake Erie
Early Lake Ontario
[Sub-Duluth
[Wyebridge
[Wyebridge
[Frontenac
Highbridge
Battlefield
Penetang
Sydney
Moquah
Fort Brady]
Cedar Point
Belleville
Washburn
Payette
Trenton]
Manitou
Sheguiandah
Beaver Bay
Korah]
Minong
Dorion
Houghton]
8.5
Post-Minong
Chippewa
Stanley
Early Lake Ontario
5.3
Nipissing
Nipissing
Nipissing
2.9
Algoma Sault
Algoma
Algoma
Sources Hough 1958; Calkin and Feenstra 1985; Cowan 1985; Farrand and Drexler 1985; Larsen 1987; Clark et al. 2012. Bracketed lake stages are
ordered chronologically but do not necessarily correlate across columns
32
2 Soil-Forming Factors of the Great Lakes Coastal Zone