Atmospheric Administration 2001; Kavcic 2016). The Great
Lakes Coastal Zone (GLCZ) is defined by the Great Lakes
Environmental Assessment and Mapping Project (GLEAM)
as all land and water within 5 km of the shoreline.
1.4
Conclusions
The soil is recognized here as “a natural body comprised of
solids (minerals and organic matter), liquid, and gases that
occurs on the land surface, occupies space, and is characterized by one or both of the following: horizons, or layers,
that are distinguishable from the initial material as a result of
additions, losses, transfers, and transformations of energy
and matter or the ability to support rooted plants in a natural
environment.”
The first soil surveys of US counties on the Great Lakes
shore began in the early 1900s. At the present time, the
entire US Great Lakes shoreline composed of 82 counties
has been mapped in detail, most commonly at a scale of
1:15,840 or 1:24,000. Whereas the first county maps recognized from two to six soil series, current maps recognize
as many as 100 or more soil series. Early soil mappers
distinguished among eolian (sand dunes), lacustrine, and
glacial parent materials. Frank Leverett, a glacial geologist
who conducted research along the Great Lakes shoreline
from 1902 to 1939, cooperated with the newly established
Bureau of Soils. However, Great Lakes soils were largely
ignored until the late 1950s with J.S. Olson’s study of dune
succession and soil development along the southern Lake
Michigan shore. Studies beginning in the 1990s examined
soil chronosequences and buried soils in dunes.
Fig. 1.8 Proportion (%) of soil series and shoreline length (miles) in
the US Great Lakes Coastal Zone by state
12
1 Introduction to the Soils of the Great Lakes Coastal Zone
Lakes Coastal Zone (GLCZ) is defined by the Great Lakes
Environmental Assessment and Mapping Project (GLEAM)
as all land and water within 5 km of the shoreline.
1.4
Conclusions
The soil is recognized here as “a natural body comprised of
solids (minerals and organic matter), liquid, and gases that
occurs on the land surface, occupies space, and is characterized by one or both of the following: horizons, or layers,
that are distinguishable from the initial material as a result of
additions, losses, transfers, and transformations of energy
and matter or the ability to support rooted plants in a natural
environment.”
The first soil surveys of US counties on the Great Lakes
shore began in the early 1900s. At the present time, the
entire US Great Lakes shoreline composed of 82 counties
has been mapped in detail, most commonly at a scale of
1:15,840 or 1:24,000. Whereas the first county maps recognized from two to six soil series, current maps recognize
as many as 100 or more soil series. Early soil mappers
distinguished among eolian (sand dunes), lacustrine, and
glacial parent materials. Frank Leverett, a glacial geologist
who conducted research along the Great Lakes shoreline
from 1902 to 1939, cooperated with the newly established
Bureau of Soils. However, Great Lakes soils were largely
ignored until the late 1950s with J.S. Olson’s study of dune
succession and soil development along the southern Lake
Michigan shore. Studies beginning in the 1990s examined
soil chronosequences and buried soils in dunes.
Fig. 1.8 Proportion (%) of soil series and shoreline length (miles) in
the US Great Lakes Coastal Zone by state
12
1 Introduction to the Soils of the Great Lakes Coastal Zone