Index
A
Albic horizon, 36, 65
Alfisols, 37, 38, 43, 44, 46, 49, 51, 59–61, 64, 81, 95, 138, 142, 143,
161, 163–182
Algoma lake stage, 28, 32, 49, 92, 111, 152
Alluvial fan, plains, 68, 139, 161, 186, 190, 201
Anthrosolization, 138, 161
Argillic horizon, 36–38, 49, 59, 61, 63, 65, 71, 72, 138, 161
Argilluviation, 137–139, 161
B
Bayfield Peninsula, 2, 6, 19, 74
Beach ridge, 2–6, 10, 24, 48, 49, 57, 68, 70, 99–101, 104, 105, 109,
111, 114, 115, 121, 138, 141, 145, 149, 152, 161, 162, 185–191,
197–200, 202
Benchmark soil, 143, 161
Bisequal soil, 63, 94
Bluff retreat, 145
Boreal forest, 17, 20, 23, 30, 89, 161
Boulder field, 23
Bruce Peninsula, 22, 91, 111, 112, 116
Brunisols, 39, 40, 43, 47, 51, 78, 85, 89, 149, 161, 182, 183
Buried soil, 2, 10, 12, 36
C
Calcareous, 45, 85, 129, 131, 133, 149, 164, 166, 168, 169, 171, 178,
180, 181, 203–209
Cambic horizon, 36, 37, 49, 66, 68, 137
Cambisolization, 137, 139, 161
Canadian Shield, 22, 111, 112, 144
Cation-Exchange Capacity (CEC) activity class, 43, 46, 51, 57, 60, 63,
64, 68, 70, 72–74, 78, 83, 85, 87
Chicago, Illinois, 90, 99
Chippewa lake stage, 6, 28, 32, 166, 188
Closed (endorheic) basin, 24
Coastal wetlands, 19, 24, 145
D
Drowned forest, 24
Drumlin, 22, 100, 101, 103
Drummond island, 111, 112
Duluth lake stage, 28, 31, 32, 49, 60, 61, 76, 89, 90, 92, 202, 209
E
Early Lake Erie lake stage, 28, 32
Early Lake Ontario lake stage, 28, 32
Endangered soil, 143, 144, 211
Endemic soil, 142
Endoaqualfs, 39, 40, 43–46, 49, 59, 62, 64, 92, 121, 129, 135, 143,
163–169, 171–177, 179, 181–183
Endoaquepts, 40, 43, 44, 46, 49, 65, 75, 78, 91, 99, 121, 127, 129,
163–182
Endoaquolls, 40, 43–46, 49, 70, 72, 84, 85, 91, 111, 115, 121, 129,
143, 164–170, 172–174, 176–182
Entisols, 37, 38, 43, 44, 49, 59, 68–70, 81, 83, 161, 163–182
Eolian, 12, 68, 70, 83, 99, 100, 104, 107, 121, 129, 130, 161, 182, 183,
186, 188–192, 195, 196, 198–202, 204, 207, 208
Epiaquepts, 40, 43, 44, 49, 65, 66, 76, 78, 91, 111, 112, 115, 121, 127,
129, 164, 166, 167, 169–172, 174–179, 182, 183
Esker, 22
Eutrudepts, 40, 43, 44, 49, 65, 66, 76, 78, 89–91, 99, 111, 112, 115,
121, 129, 149, 163, 164, 167–171, 174–177, 179, 180, 182, 183
Extragrade, 43, 45
F
Fluvial, 112, 182, 183, 203–208
Folistic epipedon, 35, 37
Fossil fuel combustion, 145
Fragipan, 36–39, 49, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68
G
Georgian Bay, 19, 22, 30, 111, 112, 115, 149–151, 154
Glacial drainage channel, 189, 198, 201
Glacial Lake Agassiz, 23, 28
Glacial Lake Algonquin, 3, 4, 6, 7, 28, 32, 48, 49, 92, 111, 114, 141,
149, 150, 152, 154, 155, 157, 163, 185, 202, 209, 211, 212
Glacial Lake Chicago, 2, 28, 104
Glacial Lake Iroquois, 7, 32, 28, 48, 92, 129, 133, 141, 149, 157, 202,
209
Glacial Lake Oshkosh, 5, 24, 176, 197, 220, 221
Glacial lake plain, 46, 48, 185–203, 205–209
Glacio-isostatic adjustment, recovery, rebound, 23, 24, 29–31, 150
Glaciolacustrine, 3, 22, 45, 48, 59, 60, 63, 64, 68, 70, 72, 74, 78, 85,
91, 115, 129, 133, 149–151, 155, 156, 161, 182, 183, 186–209
Gleization, 137–139, 161
Glenwood lake stage, 31, 32, 49, 99, 153, 202, 209
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. G. Bockheim, Soils of the Laurentian Great Lakes, USA and Canada,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52425-8
225
A
Albic horizon, 36, 65
Alfisols, 37, 38, 43, 44, 46, 49, 51, 59–61, 64, 81, 95, 138, 142, 143,
161, 163–182
Algoma lake stage, 28, 32, 49, 92, 111, 152
Alluvial fan, plains, 68, 139, 161, 186, 190, 201
Anthrosolization, 138, 161
Argillic horizon, 36–38, 49, 59, 61, 63, 65, 71, 72, 138, 161
Argilluviation, 137–139, 161
B
Bayfield Peninsula, 2, 6, 19, 74
Beach ridge, 2–6, 10, 24, 48, 49, 57, 68, 70, 99–101, 104, 105, 109,
111, 114, 115, 121, 138, 141, 145, 149, 152, 161, 162, 185–191,
197–200, 202
Benchmark soil, 143, 161
Bisequal soil, 63, 94
Bluff retreat, 145
Boreal forest, 17, 20, 23, 30, 89, 161
Boulder field, 23
Bruce Peninsula, 22, 91, 111, 112, 116
Brunisols, 39, 40, 43, 47, 51, 78, 85, 89, 149, 161, 182, 183
Buried soil, 2, 10, 12, 36
C
Calcareous, 45, 85, 129, 131, 133, 149, 164, 166, 168, 169, 171, 178,
180, 181, 203–209
Cambic horizon, 36, 37, 49, 66, 68, 137
Cambisolization, 137, 139, 161
Canadian Shield, 22, 111, 112, 144
Cation-Exchange Capacity (CEC) activity class, 43, 46, 51, 57, 60, 63,
64, 68, 70, 72–74, 78, 83, 85, 87
Chicago, Illinois, 90, 99
Chippewa lake stage, 6, 28, 32, 166, 188
Closed (endorheic) basin, 24
Coastal wetlands, 19, 24, 145
D
Drowned forest, 24
Drumlin, 22, 100, 101, 103
Drummond island, 111, 112
Duluth lake stage, 28, 31, 32, 49, 60, 61, 76, 89, 90, 92, 202, 209
E
Early Lake Erie lake stage, 28, 32
Early Lake Ontario lake stage, 28, 32
Endangered soil, 143, 144, 211
Endemic soil, 142
Endoaqualfs, 39, 40, 43–46, 49, 59, 62, 64, 92, 121, 129, 135, 143,
163–169, 171–177, 179, 181–183
Endoaquepts, 40, 43, 44, 46, 49, 65, 75, 78, 91, 99, 121, 127, 129,
163–182
Endoaquolls, 40, 43–46, 49, 70, 72, 84, 85, 91, 111, 115, 121, 129,
143, 164–170, 172–174, 176–182
Entisols, 37, 38, 43, 44, 49, 59, 68–70, 81, 83, 161, 163–182
Eolian, 12, 68, 70, 83, 99, 100, 104, 107, 121, 129, 130, 161, 182, 183,
186, 188–192, 195, 196, 198–202, 204, 207, 208
Epiaquepts, 40, 43, 44, 49, 65, 66, 76, 78, 91, 111, 112, 115, 121, 127,
129, 164, 166, 167, 169–172, 174–179, 182, 183
Esker, 22
Eutrudepts, 40, 43, 44, 49, 65, 66, 76, 78, 89–91, 99, 111, 112, 115,
121, 129, 149, 163, 164, 167–171, 174–177, 179, 180, 182, 183
Extragrade, 43, 45
F
Fluvial, 112, 182, 183, 203–208
Folistic epipedon, 35, 37
Fossil fuel combustion, 145
Fragipan, 36–39, 49, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68
G
Georgian Bay, 19, 22, 30, 111, 112, 115, 149–151, 154
Glacial drainage channel, 189, 198, 201
Glacial Lake Agassiz, 23, 28
Glacial Lake Algonquin, 3, 4, 6, 7, 28, 32, 48, 49, 92, 111, 114, 141,
149, 150, 152, 154, 155, 157, 163, 185, 202, 209, 211, 212
Glacial Lake Chicago, 2, 28, 104
Glacial Lake Iroquois, 7, 32, 28, 48, 92, 129, 133, 141, 149, 157, 202,
209
Glacial Lake Oshkosh, 5, 24, 176, 197, 220, 221
Glacial lake plain, 46, 48, 185–203, 205–209
Glacio-isostatic adjustment, recovery, rebound, 23, 24, 29–31, 150
Glaciolacustrine, 3, 22, 45, 48, 59, 60, 63, 64, 68, 70, 72, 74, 78, 85,
91, 115, 129, 133, 149–151, 155, 156, 161, 182, 183, 186–209
Gleization, 137–139, 161
Glenwood lake stage, 31, 32, 49, 99, 153, 202, 209
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. G. Bockheim, Soils of the Laurentian Great Lakes, USA and Canada,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52425-8
225