78
S. H. Sadeghi and E. Sharifi Moghadam
Fig. 4 Key components of water and energy management based on six interrelated aspects (after
[62])
flow-back of oil and gas, emptying and seepage of acid mine in coal mining areas
[49]. However as Wijayanti et al. [86] stated, the interrelation between water and
energy parts can be shown in concept, but the feedback links are sophisticated and
influenced by external factors. Likewise, a great deal of attention has recently been
drawn to various aspects of the energy–water relationship and its importance has been
gradually recognized. The water–energy nexus studies focus on energy generation
from crops evaluated by Water Footprint and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) [61],
sustainable development [93], regional development and integration by water and
energy security [49], methods and tools for macro-assessment [17], and attempts
and possibilities for ameliorating water efficiency in the cooling systems of thermoelectric power plants [62]. Such focuses are being paid to quantify trade-offs
of the nexus, an initiative according to water and energy flow and optimization of
water–energy nexus in reservoir systems [44], to demonstrate the application and
interpretation of the temporal evolution to detect significant trends and regime shifts
[8], to identify and understand the different water and energy consumption patterns
of cities [21, 83], to classify and estimate values of water-related energy consumption [88], interactions across two types of virtual resource transfer networks [89], for
optimal usage of the energy consumption in water–energy systems at a community
scale [56], and understand the complex connection between water and energy to
develop strategies since the time of sustainable water management [86].
Although the issue of water–energy observed the focus of research attention in
recent years, yet there is big knowledge gaps, and limited researches about water–
energy are available. In fact, there is still a limited understanding of the interrelationships between water and energy usage in watershed scale and considering
IWM.
S. H. Sadeghi and E. Sharifi Moghadam
Fig. 4 Key components of water and energy management based on six interrelated aspects (after
[62])
flow-back of oil and gas, emptying and seepage of acid mine in coal mining areas
[49]. However as Wijayanti et al. [86] stated, the interrelation between water and
energy parts can be shown in concept, but the feedback links are sophisticated and
influenced by external factors. Likewise, a great deal of attention has recently been
drawn to various aspects of the energy–water relationship and its importance has been
gradually recognized. The water–energy nexus studies focus on energy generation
from crops evaluated by Water Footprint and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) [61],
sustainable development [93], regional development and integration by water and
energy security [49], methods and tools for macro-assessment [17], and attempts
and possibilities for ameliorating water efficiency in the cooling systems of thermoelectric power plants [62]. Such focuses are being paid to quantify trade-offs
of the nexus, an initiative according to water and energy flow and optimization of
water–energy nexus in reservoir systems [44], to demonstrate the application and
interpretation of the temporal evolution to detect significant trends and regime shifts
[8], to identify and understand the different water and energy consumption patterns
of cities [21, 83], to classify and estimate values of water-related energy consumption [88], interactions across two types of virtual resource transfer networks [89], for
optimal usage of the energy consumption in water–energy systems at a community
scale [56], and understand the complex connection between water and energy to
develop strategies since the time of sustainable water management [86].
Although the issue of water–energy observed the focus of research attention in
recent years, yet there is big knowledge gaps, and limited researches about water–
energy are available. In fact, there is still a limited understanding of the interrelationships between water and energy usage in watershed scale and considering
IWM.