Integrated Watershed Management Vis-a-Vis Water–Energy–Food Nexus
73
2.1 Nexus Approach
The concept of nexus is defined as a process of joining actions of different stakeholders from various elements for gaining sustainable enhancement. The term nexus
is in adjustment with the framework of integrated water resource management
(IWRM). In contrast to IWRM which is water sector-oriented and limit its synergy
with other sector, nexus is more opened to any other sectors by encouraging capability
in using resources [86]. The IWRM is a revelation in moving into a nexus framework
and is useful in developing the nexus. Using IWRM, the link was built as a two-way
negotiation, a neutral platform that is not water-based, but where the water community, the energy community, and the food community can discuss resource assignation as a link between resource relationships [57]. IWRM and WEF communication
approaches seem similar but disagree in certain subjects. However, the supreme goals
of both are promoting better use of resources to allow communities to create environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable modes [10]. The general properties
of the water security nexus and IWRM have also been summarized in Table 1.
The nexus is suggested as a method of analysis for indicating the relationship
among nexus sectors, viz. water, energy, and food [19]. The nexus of food, energy,
and water has been depicted in Fig. 3.
Scholars and practitioners recognize nexus problems variously, and therefore,
the concept is often applied as a buzzword with various meanings [15]. The core
elements of nexus approach are human environmental dimensions, and they are
related to ecological stability and the well-being of future generations depend on
these elements. In contrast to single-factor for water, land, energy, and food, the
nexus solutions should explicitly determine the decreased costs and increased benefits for both human and nature and it demands an integrated management approach
[11]. As Hagemann and Kirschke [28] stated, the nexus concept does not have and
Table 1 General properties of the water security nexus and IWRM [10]
Aspect
Nexus
IWRM
Integration
Integrating water, energy, and
food policy objectives
Integrating water with other
policy objectives
Optimal governance
Integrated policy solutions
multi-tiered institutions
Good governance principles
Scale
Multiple scales
Watershed scale
Participation
Public–private
partnerships–multi-stakeholder
platforms for increasing
stakeholder collaboration
Stakeholder involvement in
decision-making multiple actors
including women
Resource use
Economically rational
decision-making
Cost recovery
Efficient allocations
Cost recovery
Equitable access
Sustainable development Securitization of resources
Demand management
73
2.1 Nexus Approach
The concept of nexus is defined as a process of joining actions of different stakeholders from various elements for gaining sustainable enhancement. The term nexus
is in adjustment with the framework of integrated water resource management
(IWRM). In contrast to IWRM which is water sector-oriented and limit its synergy
with other sector, nexus is more opened to any other sectors by encouraging capability
in using resources [86]. The IWRM is a revelation in moving into a nexus framework
and is useful in developing the nexus. Using IWRM, the link was built as a two-way
negotiation, a neutral platform that is not water-based, but where the water community, the energy community, and the food community can discuss resource assignation as a link between resource relationships [57]. IWRM and WEF communication
approaches seem similar but disagree in certain subjects. However, the supreme goals
of both are promoting better use of resources to allow communities to create environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable modes [10]. The general properties
of the water security nexus and IWRM have also been summarized in Table 1.
The nexus is suggested as a method of analysis for indicating the relationship
among nexus sectors, viz. water, energy, and food [19]. The nexus of food, energy,
and water has been depicted in Fig. 3.
Scholars and practitioners recognize nexus problems variously, and therefore,
the concept is often applied as a buzzword with various meanings [15]. The core
elements of nexus approach are human environmental dimensions, and they are
related to ecological stability and the well-being of future generations depend on
these elements. In contrast to single-factor for water, land, energy, and food, the
nexus solutions should explicitly determine the decreased costs and increased benefits for both human and nature and it demands an integrated management approach
[11]. As Hagemann and Kirschke [28] stated, the nexus concept does not have and
Table 1 General properties of the water security nexus and IWRM [10]
Aspect
Nexus
IWRM
Integration
Integrating water, energy, and
food policy objectives
Integrating water with other
policy objectives
Optimal governance
Integrated policy solutions
multi-tiered institutions
Good governance principles
Scale
Multiple scales
Watershed scale
Participation
Public–private
partnerships–multi-stakeholder
platforms for increasing
stakeholder collaboration
Stakeholder involvement in
decision-making multiple actors
including women
Resource use
Economically rational
decision-making
Cost recovery
Efficient allocations
Cost recovery
Equitable access
Sustainable development Securitization of resources
Demand management