Reflections About the Food–Energy–Water Nexus in a World …
31
especially for the losses in the FEW nexus sectors to compensate households for
their utility loss.
Furthermore, it has to be examined, if this “de-growth compensation sector” can
be a role model for the ideas of ‘networks of neighbourhood help’ developed by
Jackson and Paech [37, 58]. To analyse their new prosperity ideas, a derived “degrowth compensation sector” sector has to be integrated in the CGE model. The GE
model thus enables us to derive the labour and capital needs of the new de-growth
sector and analyse if this “de-growth compensation sector” reduces the CO 2 -emission
through a change of lifestyle, institutional innovations, or neighbourhood help.
Further institutional research is needed to prove, if the “de-growth compensation sector” sector can be seen as a first institutional step towards a world without
economic growth and if the transformation of the economic system also needs a
new set of institutional incentives [9] especially in the core of sustainable development—i.e. the FEW nexus sectors—to protect the socio-economic-ecological
system.
Hence, a further question has to be discussed: Is the FEW nexus sector in the
future a divided sector? One classical part in the traditional economy and a new
part in the “de-growth compensation sector” sector. Additionally, the research has
to be widened to the question about the impact of zero and de-growth scenarios on
international trade. These research questions have to be included also in an extended
CGE trade model.
References
1. Acemoglu D (2009) Introduction to modern economic growth. Princeton University Press,
Princeton
2. Alfaro L, Jeong S (2020) COVID-19: the global shutdown. In: Harvard Business School case,
pp 320–108
3. Allouche J, Middleton C, Gyawa D (2019) The water–food–energy nexus: power, politics, and
justice. Routledge, New York
4. Amigo I (2020) When will the Amazon hit a tipping point? Nature 578:505–507. https://doi.
org/10.1038/d41586-020-00508-4
5. Armington PS (1969) A theory of demand for products distinguished by place of production.
Staff Pap (Int Monetary Fund) 16:159–178
6. Armington PS (1990) Endogenous limits of growth—politicoeconomic analysis of distribution
conflicts in democratic systems. Polit Vierteljahr 31:706–709
7. Arrow KJ (1974) General economic equilibrium: purpose, analytic techniques, collective
choice. Am Econ Rev 64:253–272
8. Arrow KJ, Debreu G (1954) Existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy.
Econometrica 22:265–290. https://doi.org/10.2307/1907353
9. Arrow K et al (1995) Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment. Science
268:520–521
10. Beddington J (2009) Food, energy, water and the climate: a perfect storm of global events?
Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government, UK Government Office for Science, London
11. Bosello F, Roson R, Tol R (2007) Economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate
change: sea level rise. Environ Resour Econ 37:549–571
31
especially for the losses in the FEW nexus sectors to compensate households for
their utility loss.
Furthermore, it has to be examined, if this “de-growth compensation sector” can
be a role model for the ideas of ‘networks of neighbourhood help’ developed by
Jackson and Paech [37, 58]. To analyse their new prosperity ideas, a derived “degrowth compensation sector” sector has to be integrated in the CGE model. The GE
model thus enables us to derive the labour and capital needs of the new de-growth
sector and analyse if this “de-growth compensation sector” reduces the CO 2 -emission
through a change of lifestyle, institutional innovations, or neighbourhood help.
Further institutional research is needed to prove, if the “de-growth compensation sector” sector can be seen as a first institutional step towards a world without
economic growth and if the transformation of the economic system also needs a
new set of institutional incentives [9] especially in the core of sustainable development—i.e. the FEW nexus sectors—to protect the socio-economic-ecological
system.
Hence, a further question has to be discussed: Is the FEW nexus sector in the
future a divided sector? One classical part in the traditional economy and a new
part in the “de-growth compensation sector” sector. Additionally, the research has
to be widened to the question about the impact of zero and de-growth scenarios on
international trade. These research questions have to be included also in an extended
CGE trade model.
References
1. Acemoglu D (2009) Introduction to modern economic growth. Princeton University Press,
Princeton
2. Alfaro L, Jeong S (2020) COVID-19: the global shutdown. In: Harvard Business School case,
pp 320–108
3. Allouche J, Middleton C, Gyawa D (2019) The water–food–energy nexus: power, politics, and
justice. Routledge, New York
4. Amigo I (2020) When will the Amazon hit a tipping point? Nature 578:505–507. https://doi.
org/10.1038/d41586-020-00508-4
5. Armington PS (1969) A theory of demand for products distinguished by place of production.
Staff Pap (Int Monetary Fund) 16:159–178
6. Armington PS (1990) Endogenous limits of growth—politicoeconomic analysis of distribution
conflicts in democratic systems. Polit Vierteljahr 31:706–709
7. Arrow KJ (1974) General economic equilibrium: purpose, analytic techniques, collective
choice. Am Econ Rev 64:253–272
8. Arrow KJ, Debreu G (1954) Existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy.
Econometrica 22:265–290. https://doi.org/10.2307/1907353
9. Arrow K et al (1995) Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment. Science
268:520–521
10. Beddington J (2009) Food, energy, water and the climate: a perfect storm of global events?
Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government, UK Government Office for Science, London
11. Bosello F, Roson R, Tol R (2007) Economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate
change: sea level rise. Environ Resour Econ 37:549–571