Mt Arthur, 105
Mt Cargill, 68
Mt Fleming, 281, 284
Mud fish, 128
Mud-flat, 80, 117, 205, 212
Mudslide, 223, 262, 263
Mudstone, 4, 5, 16, 27, 57, 60, 63, 64, 69, 105, 154, 160, 169, 205,
207, 214, 216, 220, 223, 235, 238, 258
Mull, 9
Multi-layered, 24, 33, 187–189, 192, 219, 256, 294
Murupara, 42, 45, 189, 190
Mushroom, 38, 46, 127
Mycorrhiza, 109
N
NaF test, 34, 238
Naike, 88, 91, 93, 95
Naike clay, 50
Nanoaggregate, 33, 34, 294
Nanocrystalline, 22, 29–31, 60, 65, 167, 188, 238
Nanomineral, 22, 65, 167, 173
Napier, 212, 229
Napier earthquake, 212
Nelson, 3, 5, 17, 62, 101, 102, 105, 106, 125, 146, 164, 194, 195, 200,
227, 249, 251, 254, 263, 297
Nematode, 209, 284
Netherlands, 207
Newnham, 119, 126, 253
New Zealand Land Resource Inventory (NZLRI), 299, 300
Ngapara, 159
Ngaruawahia, 48
Ngaruroro, 191
Ngauruhoe, 21, 200, 203–205
Ninety Mile Beach, 200, 205
Nishiizumi, 279
Nitisol, 96
Nitrogen, 2, 9, 33, 36, 51, 66, 67, 69, 75, 79, 81, 84, 95, 99, 108, 113,
116, 123–125, 129, 138, 140, 156, 170, 174, 188, 192, 193, 195,
196, 199, 203, 209, 213, 226, 227, 229, 240, 261, 283, 284, 302,
303
Nodule, 73, 74, 76, 92, 133, 134, 136, 137, 141
Non-arable soil, 300, 301
Non-welded, 183–185, 188
Northburn Station, 63, 64
North Cape, 137
Northern yellow-brown earths, 261, 262
North Island, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, 17, 18, 21–23, 27–29, 36, 42, 45, 57, 58,
62, 63, 68, 69, 88, 89, 92, 95, 116, 125, 127, 136, 137, 145, 146,
151, 153, 154, 157, 158, 160, 163, 164, 168, 169, 176, 179, 180,
182, 183, 187, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 200, 203, 205, 207, 209,
212–214, 216, 222, 223, 249, 250, 253, 254, 291, 293, 297, 298
Northland, 4, 5, 7, 9, 17, 22, 34, 36, 46, 78, 87, 88, 90, 91, 102, 106,
117, 133–137, 140, 142, 163, 164, 166, 169, 170, 173, 176, 194,
200, 205, 207, 222, 227, 249–251, 253–255, 257, 258, 262, 263,
291, 292, 297
Nunatak, 268
Nutrient, 1, 2, 7–9, 11, 12, 33, 35, 48, 51, 66, 68, 69, 79, 81–84, 87, 88,
93, 94, 96, 99, 106, 108, 110, 113, 116–119, 122, 124, 125, 128,
129, 133, 138, 140–142, 163, 170, 172, 174, 175, 179, 188, 192,
195, 196, 199, 203, 209, 227, 243, 244, 253, 260, 262, 264, 273,
294–296, 303–308, 310
Nutrient deficiency, 69, 83, 124
O
Oamaru, 102, 105, 110, 111
Ohakea, 153
Ohaupo, 118, 128
O-horizon, 10, 114
Okaihau, 134, 139, 140
Okarito, 175, 292
Okataina Volcanic Centre, 182, 183, 186
Old Man Range, 63, 235
Oligocene, 4
Omapere, 136, 253
Omarama, 61
Omokoroa, 38
O’Neill, 206
Ong Valley, 276
Onion, 87, 96, 97
Onnum Valley, 279
Onyx River, 274, 275
Ophialite, 106
Orakei Korako, 203
Orewa, 250
Organic, 1, 7–12, 16–18, 24, 26, 28, 30–33, 41, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54,
57, 59, 64–67, 73, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 84, 88, 94, 98, 99,
101–104, 108–111, 113–119, 121–130, 136, 138–141, 149, 151,
156, 159, 160, 163, 166–169, 172–175, 188, 192, 193, 196, 199,
203, 208–211, 216, 219, 222, 224–227, 233, 234, 236, 239, 240,
243, 246, 252, 260, 261, 267, 270, 271, 273, 282–284, 291,
293–296, 299, 305
Organic matter, 7–12, 17, 24, 26, 31, 33, 51, 52, 54, 57, 65, 66, 76, 78,
80, 81, 88, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 108, 110, 111, 113–117, 119,
121–123, 125, 129, 136, 138, 140, 141, 149–151, 159, 160, 167,
172–174, 188, 192, 196, 199, 203, 208–211, 216, 219, 224, 227,
229, 233, 234, 236, 239, 240, 243, 246, 267, 271, 273, 282–284,
293–296
Organic soil material, 17, 41, 67, 113, 114, 125, 128, 270, 295
Organic theory, 167
Organisms, 2, 4, 7, 8, 33, 67, 75, 80, 116, 140, 192, 203, 205, 209, 216,
219, 271, 281, 284, 285, 305, 310
Orthent, 211, 227
Ortstein, 44, 155, 163, 164, 173–176, 252
Ortstein pan or ortstein-pan, 44, 155, 163, 173–176, 252
Oruanui, 22, 23, 28, 120, 151, 171, 181, 182, 245
Otago, 5, 7, 9, 16, 17, 49, 50, 52, 60, 62–64, 101, 102, 105, 106, 114,
117, 121–123, 125, 146, 151, 153, 154, 159, 164, 207, 222, 228,
231, 233–238, 240–242, 244–246, 249, 251, 254, 258, 291, 293,
296, 297, 301
Otaki, 227
Otama, 159
Otokia, 153
Otway Massif, 275, 277
Overseer, 291, 307
Oxidation, 11, 74, 76, 77, 83, 123, 203, 219, 224, 271, 280, 295
Oxidic, 1, 16, 17, 34, 58, 68, 75, 80, 81, 88, 90–96, 99, 109, 133–142,
194, 203, 249, 254, 261, 291, 293, 296
Oxisol, 133–138, 141, 290
Oxyhydroxide, 92, 133
P
Pa, 47, 49
Pacific, 1, 2, 22, 34, 120, 182, 183, 203, 221, 223, 298
Pacific Plate, 2–4
Pacific rim, 34, 293
326
Index
Mt Cargill, 68
Mt Fleming, 281, 284
Mud fish, 128
Mud-flat, 80, 117, 205, 212
Mudslide, 223, 262, 263
Mudstone, 4, 5, 16, 27, 57, 60, 63, 64, 69, 105, 154, 160, 169, 205,
207, 214, 216, 220, 223, 235, 238, 258
Mull, 9
Multi-layered, 24, 33, 187–189, 192, 219, 256, 294
Murupara, 42, 45, 189, 190
Mushroom, 38, 46, 127
Mycorrhiza, 109
N
NaF test, 34, 238
Naike, 88, 91, 93, 95
Naike clay, 50
Nanoaggregate, 33, 34, 294
Nanocrystalline, 22, 29–31, 60, 65, 167, 188, 238
Nanomineral, 22, 65, 167, 173
Napier, 212, 229
Napier earthquake, 212
Nelson, 3, 5, 17, 62, 101, 102, 105, 106, 125, 146, 164, 194, 195, 200,
227, 249, 251, 254, 263, 297
Nematode, 209, 284
Netherlands, 207
Newnham, 119, 126, 253
New Zealand Land Resource Inventory (NZLRI), 299, 300
Ngapara, 159
Ngaruawahia, 48
Ngaruroro, 191
Ngauruhoe, 21, 200, 203–205
Ninety Mile Beach, 200, 205
Nishiizumi, 279
Nitisol, 96
Nitrogen, 2, 9, 33, 36, 51, 66, 67, 69, 75, 79, 81, 84, 95, 99, 108, 113,
116, 123–125, 129, 138, 140, 156, 170, 174, 188, 192, 193, 195,
196, 199, 203, 209, 213, 226, 227, 229, 240, 261, 283, 284, 302,
303
Nodule, 73, 74, 76, 92, 133, 134, 136, 137, 141
Non-arable soil, 300, 301
Non-welded, 183–185, 188
Northburn Station, 63, 64
North Cape, 137
Northern yellow-brown earths, 261, 262
North Island, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, 17, 18, 21–23, 27–29, 36, 42, 45, 57, 58,
62, 63, 68, 69, 88, 89, 92, 95, 116, 125, 127, 136, 137, 145, 146,
151, 153, 154, 157, 158, 160, 163, 164, 168, 169, 176, 179, 180,
182, 183, 187, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 200, 203, 205, 207, 209,
212–214, 216, 222, 223, 249, 250, 253, 254, 291, 293, 297, 298
Northland, 4, 5, 7, 9, 17, 22, 34, 36, 46, 78, 87, 88, 90, 91, 102, 106,
117, 133–137, 140, 142, 163, 164, 166, 169, 170, 173, 176, 194,
200, 205, 207, 222, 227, 249–251, 253–255, 257, 258, 262, 263,
291, 292, 297
Nunatak, 268
Nutrient, 1, 2, 7–9, 11, 12, 33, 35, 48, 51, 66, 68, 69, 79, 81–84, 87, 88,
93, 94, 96, 99, 106, 108, 110, 113, 116–119, 122, 124, 125, 128,
129, 133, 138, 140–142, 163, 170, 172, 174, 175, 179, 188, 192,
195, 196, 199, 203, 209, 227, 243, 244, 253, 260, 262, 264, 273,
294–296, 303–308, 310
Nutrient deficiency, 69, 83, 124
O
Oamaru, 102, 105, 110, 111
Ohakea, 153
Ohaupo, 118, 128
O-horizon, 10, 114
Okaihau, 134, 139, 140
Okarito, 175, 292
Okataina Volcanic Centre, 182, 183, 186
Old Man Range, 63, 235
Oligocene, 4
Omapere, 136, 253
Omarama, 61
Omokoroa, 38
O’Neill, 206
Ong Valley, 276
Onion, 87, 96, 97
Onnum Valley, 279
Onyx River, 274, 275
Ophialite, 106
Orakei Korako, 203
Orewa, 250
Organic, 1, 7–12, 16–18, 24, 26, 28, 30–33, 41, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54,
57, 59, 64–67, 73, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 84, 88, 94, 98, 99,
101–104, 108–111, 113–119, 121–130, 136, 138–141, 149, 151,
156, 159, 160, 163, 166–169, 172–175, 188, 192, 193, 196, 199,
203, 208–211, 216, 219, 222, 224–227, 233, 234, 236, 239, 240,
243, 246, 252, 260, 261, 267, 270, 271, 273, 282–284, 291,
293–296, 299, 305
Organic matter, 7–12, 17, 24, 26, 31, 33, 51, 52, 54, 57, 65, 66, 76, 78,
80, 81, 88, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 108, 110, 111, 113–117, 119,
121–123, 125, 129, 136, 138, 140, 141, 149–151, 159, 160, 167,
172–174, 188, 192, 196, 199, 203, 208–211, 216, 219, 224, 227,
229, 233, 234, 236, 239, 240, 243, 246, 267, 271, 273, 282–284,
293–296
Organic soil material, 17, 41, 67, 113, 114, 125, 128, 270, 295
Organic theory, 167
Organisms, 2, 4, 7, 8, 33, 67, 75, 80, 116, 140, 192, 203, 205, 209, 216,
219, 271, 281, 284, 285, 305, 310
Orthent, 211, 227
Ortstein, 44, 155, 163, 164, 173–176, 252
Ortstein pan or ortstein-pan, 44, 155, 163, 173–176, 252
Oruanui, 22, 23, 28, 120, 151, 171, 181, 182, 245
Otago, 5, 7, 9, 16, 17, 49, 50, 52, 60, 62–64, 101, 102, 105, 106, 114,
117, 121–123, 125, 146, 151, 153, 154, 159, 164, 207, 222, 228,
231, 233–238, 240–242, 244–246, 249, 251, 254, 258, 291, 293,
296, 297, 301
Otaki, 227
Otama, 159
Otokia, 153
Otway Massif, 275, 277
Overseer, 291, 307
Oxidation, 11, 74, 76, 77, 83, 123, 203, 219, 224, 271, 280, 295
Oxidic, 1, 16, 17, 34, 58, 68, 75, 80, 81, 88, 90–96, 99, 109, 133–142,
194, 203, 249, 254, 261, 291, 293, 296
Oxisol, 133–138, 141, 290
Oxyhydroxide, 92, 133
P
Pa, 47, 49
Pacific, 1, 2, 22, 34, 120, 182, 183, 203, 221, 223, 298
Pacific Plate, 2–4
Pacific rim, 34, 293
326
Index