Index
A
Abrasion, 4, 61, 154, 271, 272
Acid sulphate soils, 212
Active layer, 267–270, 276, 281, 282, 285, 286
Adelaide Tarn, 125
Aeolian, 4, 61, 90, 136, 138, 164, 166, 169, 172, 203, 218, 235, 252,
258
Aerial photo, 221, 297, 300
Agriculture, 2, 9, 13, 17, 34, 69, 82, 83, 110, 117, 118, 127, 129, 158,
159, 194, 199, 212, 220, 231, 249, 262, 291, 294, 296, 297, 299,
301, 302, 307
A horizon, 10, 11, 16, 22, 25, 41, 98, 101, 102, 110, 149, 180, 188,
200, 205, 216, 218, 219, 253, 294
Ahuriri, 150, 212
Aislabie, 7, 284
Alaska, 34, 271
Alexandra, 232, 233, 258
Alfisol, 158, 290
Alfredton, 78
Alkalinity, 12, 236, 241, 303
Allophane, 21–27, 29–31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 57, 58, 61, 65, 68, 90–92,
139, 141, 167–169, 172, 173, 180, 188, 191, 238, 257, 291, 294,
295
Allophanic, 1, 9, 14, 16, 17, 21–38, 57–59, 61, 63–65, 67, 68, 80, 92,
95, 99, 105, 137, 141, 153, 154, 157, 166, 168, 169, 174, 181,
186–188, 191–193, 195, 203, 218, 223, 224, 256, 257, 289, 291,
293–296, 305, 306, 309
Allophanic soil material, 21, 23–25, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 65, 67, 95,
137, 141, 174, 191–193
Alluvium, 5, 9, 10, 22, 25, 28, 29, 31, 48, 57, 60, 64, 67, 76, 105, 114,
118–121, 123, 145, 151, 153, 159, 171, 191, 193, 199, 200, 216,
218, 223, 227, 231, 234, 236, 238, 243, 253, 254, 293–295
Almond, 61, 171, 245
Alpha-alpha′-dipyridyl, 76
Alpine, 4, 5, 27, 61, 63, 154, 158, 199, 200, 203, 212–214, 242, 244,
246, 290
Alpine Fault, 2, 3, 61
Aluminium toxicity, 67, 68, 93, 108, 139, 140, 173, 174, 176, 240, 260
Aluminosilicate, 21, 24, 57
Amorphous, 29, 191, 238
Anaerobic conditions, 17, 75, 76, 79, 80, 128, 129, 146, 151, 155, 196
Andept, 34
Andesite, 4, 22, 28, 68, 88, 105, 138, 182, 208, 291
Andesitic, 21, 22, 26, 28, 29, 31, 34, 87, 90, 91, 106, 129, 133, 136,
172, 180, 182, 188, 192, 205, 256, 291
Andisol, 22, 34, 193, 290, 291, 293, 296
Andosol, 35, 193, 194
Anhyorthel, 269, 273–275
Animals, 2, 7, 8, 10, 31, 36, 38, 55, 62, 69, 82, 83, 99, 117, 128, 159,
192, 194–196, 199, 203, 212, 219, 228, 245, 283, 290, 292, 302
Antarctica, 2, 211, 267, 268, 270, 271, 275, 283, 284, 289, 291, 293,
298, 303
Antarctic Treaty, 268, 284
Anthropic, 1, 16, 41, 42, 44–47, 49, 50–55, 237, 293, 296
Anthrosol, 44, 52
Aokautere Ash, 151
Apedal, 12, 24, 38, 58, 61, 191
Apple, 1, 141, 263
Apricot, 231
Arable, 111, 245, 294, 299, 301, 307
Arapuni, 49
Arenosol, 68, 211, 227
Argillans, 250
Argillic, 67, 75, 88, 89, 92, 95, 105, 106, 148, 149, 151, 155, 157–160,
231, 233–237, 239–241, 243, 250, 252, 253, 257, 292, 296
Argillic horizon, 89, 95, 148, 149, 151, 158, 159, 231, 234–236, 239,
241, 252, 253
Argillisation, 253, 295
Argilluviation, 96
Aridic, 241
Aridisol, 241, 244, 290
Artefacts, 46
Ash, 4, 9, 21, 22, 26, 87, 89–92, 95, 136, 137, 140, 153, 166, 180, 183,
185–187, 191, 201, 205, 253, 256, 257, 261, 263, 297
Aspect, 2, 5, 18, 61–63, 81, 98, 194
Assimilation, 117
Aston, 194
Atiamuri, 194
Auckland, 2, 4, 5, 17, 22, 34, 54, 87, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 134, 136, 137,
249–251, 253, 254, 262, 307
Auckland Volcanic Field, 2, 4, 5, 137
Australia, 3, 110, 125, 136, 154, 169, 195, 223, 235, 244, 258, 290, 293
Australian plate, 2–4, 182
Avocado, 35, 134, 141
Awatere Valley, 148
B
Backslope, 154, 169, 250, 254, 255
Backswamp, 28, 76, 78, 118, 121, 216, 220, 221
Bacteria, 7–9, 80, 83, 212
Banana, 141
Banks, 48, 83, 105, 118, 150–152, 154, 200, 205, 209, 210, 218, 221,
222, 227
Banks Peninsula, 105, 150, 151, 154
Bannockburn, 52, 242, 243
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. E. Hewitt et al., The Soils of Aotearoa New Zealand, World Soils Book Series,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64763-6
319
A
Abrasion, 4, 61, 154, 271, 272
Acid sulphate soils, 212
Active layer, 267–270, 276, 281, 282, 285, 286
Adelaide Tarn, 125
Aeolian, 4, 61, 90, 136, 138, 164, 166, 169, 172, 203, 218, 235, 252,
258
Aerial photo, 221, 297, 300
Agriculture, 2, 9, 13, 17, 34, 69, 82, 83, 110, 117, 118, 127, 129, 158,
159, 194, 199, 212, 220, 231, 249, 262, 291, 294, 296, 297, 299,
301, 302, 307
A horizon, 10, 11, 16, 22, 25, 41, 98, 101, 102, 110, 149, 180, 188,
200, 205, 216, 218, 219, 253, 294
Ahuriri, 150, 212
Aislabie, 7, 284
Alaska, 34, 271
Alexandra, 232, 233, 258
Alfisol, 158, 290
Alfredton, 78
Alkalinity, 12, 236, 241, 303
Allophane, 21–27, 29–31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 57, 58, 61, 65, 68, 90–92,
139, 141, 167–169, 172, 173, 180, 188, 191, 238, 257, 291, 294,
295
Allophanic, 1, 9, 14, 16, 17, 21–38, 57–59, 61, 63–65, 67, 68, 80, 92,
95, 99, 105, 137, 141, 153, 154, 157, 166, 168, 169, 174, 181,
186–188, 191–193, 195, 203, 218, 223, 224, 256, 257, 289, 291,
293–296, 305, 306, 309
Allophanic soil material, 21, 23–25, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 65, 67, 95,
137, 141, 174, 191–193
Alluvium, 5, 9, 10, 22, 25, 28, 29, 31, 48, 57, 60, 64, 67, 76, 105, 114,
118–121, 123, 145, 151, 153, 159, 171, 191, 193, 199, 200, 216,
218, 223, 227, 231, 234, 236, 238, 243, 253, 254, 293–295
Almond, 61, 171, 245
Alpha-alpha′-dipyridyl, 76
Alpine, 4, 5, 27, 61, 63, 154, 158, 199, 200, 203, 212–214, 242, 244,
246, 290
Alpine Fault, 2, 3, 61
Aluminium toxicity, 67, 68, 93, 108, 139, 140, 173, 174, 176, 240, 260
Aluminosilicate, 21, 24, 57
Amorphous, 29, 191, 238
Anaerobic conditions, 17, 75, 76, 79, 80, 128, 129, 146, 151, 155, 196
Andept, 34
Andesite, 4, 22, 28, 68, 88, 105, 138, 182, 208, 291
Andesitic, 21, 22, 26, 28, 29, 31, 34, 87, 90, 91, 106, 129, 133, 136,
172, 180, 182, 188, 192, 205, 256, 291
Andisol, 22, 34, 193, 290, 291, 293, 296
Andosol, 35, 193, 194
Anhyorthel, 269, 273–275
Animals, 2, 7, 8, 10, 31, 36, 38, 55, 62, 69, 82, 83, 99, 117, 128, 159,
192, 194–196, 199, 203, 212, 219, 228, 245, 283, 290, 292, 302
Antarctica, 2, 211, 267, 268, 270, 271, 275, 283, 284, 289, 291, 293,
298, 303
Antarctic Treaty, 268, 284
Anthropic, 1, 16, 41, 42, 44–47, 49, 50–55, 237, 293, 296
Anthrosol, 44, 52
Aokautere Ash, 151
Apedal, 12, 24, 38, 58, 61, 191
Apple, 1, 141, 263
Apricot, 231
Arable, 111, 245, 294, 299, 301, 307
Arapuni, 49
Arenosol, 68, 211, 227
Argillans, 250
Argillic, 67, 75, 88, 89, 92, 95, 105, 106, 148, 149, 151, 155, 157–160,
231, 233–237, 239–241, 243, 250, 252, 253, 257, 292, 296
Argillic horizon, 89, 95, 148, 149, 151, 158, 159, 231, 234–236, 239,
241, 252, 253
Argillisation, 253, 295
Argilluviation, 96
Aridic, 241
Aridisol, 241, 244, 290
Artefacts, 46
Ash, 4, 9, 21, 22, 26, 87, 89–92, 95, 136, 137, 140, 153, 166, 180, 183,
185–187, 191, 201, 205, 253, 256, 257, 261, 263, 297
Aspect, 2, 5, 18, 61–63, 81, 98, 194
Assimilation, 117
Aston, 194
Atiamuri, 194
Auckland, 2, 4, 5, 17, 22, 34, 54, 87, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96, 134, 136, 137,
249–251, 253, 254, 262, 307
Auckland Volcanic Field, 2, 4, 5, 137
Australia, 3, 110, 125, 136, 154, 169, 195, 223, 235, 244, 258, 290, 293
Australian plate, 2–4, 182
Avocado, 35, 134, 141
Awatere Valley, 148
B
Backslope, 154, 169, 250, 254, 255
Backswamp, 28, 76, 78, 118, 121, 216, 220, 221
Bacteria, 7–9, 80, 83, 212
Banana, 141
Banks, 48, 83, 105, 118, 150–152, 154, 200, 205, 209, 210, 218, 221,
222, 227
Banks Peninsula, 105, 150, 151, 154
Bannockburn, 52, 242, 243
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. E. Hewitt et al., The Soils of Aotearoa New Zealand, World Soils Book Series,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64763-6
319