Campbell IB, Claridge GGC, Balks MR (1998b) Short- and long-term
impacts of human disturbances on snow-free surfaces in Antarctica.
Polar Rec 34(188):15–24
Campbell DI, MacCulloch RJL, Campbell IB (1997) Thermal regimes
of some soils in the McMurdo Sound region of Antarctica. In:
Lyons WB, Howard-Williams C, Hawes I (eds) Ecosystems
processes in Antarctic ice-free landscapes. Balkema, Rotterdam,
pp 45–55. ISBN 90-5410-925-4
Chinn TJH (1979) Impacts of “extreme” events on the Dry Valleys
area. N Z Antarct Rec 2(2):9–13. ISSN 0110-5124
Claridge GGC (1965) The clay mineralogy and chemistry of some soils
from the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. N Z J Geol Geophys
8:186–220
Claridge GGC, Campbell IB (1968) Origin of nitrate deposits. Nature
217:428–430
Claridge GGC, Campbell IB (1977) The salts in Antarctic soils. Their
distribution and relationship to soil processes. Soil Sci 123:377–
384
Claridge GGC, Campbell IB, Balks MR (1999) Movement of salts in
Antarctic soils: experiments using lithium chloride. Permafr
Periglac Process 10:223–233
Clarke RS Jr (1982) The Derrick Peak, Antarctica, iron meteorites.
Meteoritics 17:129–134
Fountain AG, Levy JS, Gooseff MN et al (2014) The McMurdo Dry
Valleys: a landscape on the threshold of change. Geomorphology
225:25–35
Freckman DW, Virginia RA (1997) Low diversity Antarctic soil
nematode communities: distribution and response to disturbance.
Ecology 78:363–369
Goddard HE (2013) Investigation of air and soil climate across the
latitudinal and altitudinal gradient of the Ross Sea region. MSc
thesis, University of Waikato. 166p
Goddard HE, Balks MR, Seybold CA (2012) Soil temperatures over a
latitudinal gradient in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica: preliminary results. In: Proceedings of the tenth international conference
on permafrost. Salekard, Yamal-Nenets Automonous District,
Russia, 25–29 June 2012, vol 4/1: Extended Abstracts, pp 183–
184. ISBN 978-5-91128-050-5
Gooseff MN, Barrett JE, Levy JE (2013) Shallow groundwater systems
in a polar desert, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Hydrogeol J
21:171–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0926-3
Guglielmin M, Balks MR, Adlam LS et al (2011) Permafrost thermal
regime from two 30-m deep boreholes in Southern Victoria Land,
Antarctica. Permafr Periglac Process 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/
ppp.715
Hofstee EH, Balks MR, Petchey F et al (2006) Soils of Seabee Hook,
Cape Hallett, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 18
(4):473–486
Hogg I, Green A, Storey B et al (2010) Perceptions and reality: a new
understanding of terrestrial life in the Ross Sea region. Antarctic 28
(2):27–29
Ikard SJ, Gooseff MN, Barrett JE et al (2009) Thermal characterisation
of active layer across a soil moisture gradient in the McMurdo Dry
Valleys, Antarctica. Permafrost Periglac Process 20:27–39. https://
doi.org/10.1002/ppp.634
IUSS Working Group WRB (2014) World Reference Base for soil
resources 2014. International Soil Classification System for naming
soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources
Reports No 106. FAO, Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-108369-7
Joy K, Fink D, Storey B et al (2014) A 2 million year glacial
chronology of the Hatherton Glacier, Antarctica, and implications
for the size of the East Antarctic ice sheet at the last glacial
maximum. Quat Sci Rev 83:46–57
Kamp PJJ, Lowe DJ (1982) Geology and terrestrial age of the Derrick
Peak meteorite occurrence, Antarctica. Meteoritics 17:119–127
Kirkbride M, Bradshaw M, Harmsen F (1991) Further finds of the
Derrick Peak meteorite occurrence, Transantarctic Mountains, and
implications for terrestrial age. Meteoritics 26:213–216
Kennedy AD (1993) Water as a limiting factor in the Antarctic
terrestrial environment—a biogeographical synthesis. Arct Antarct
Alp Res 25:308–315
McLeod M, Bockheim JG, Balks MR (2008) Glacial geomorphology,
soil development and permafrost features in central-upper Wright
Valley, Antarctica. Geoderma 144(1–2):93–103
McLeod M, Bockheim J, Balks M et al (2009) Soils of western Wright
Valley, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 21(4):355–365
McLeod M (2012) Soil and permafrost distribution, soil characteristics
and soil vulnerability to human foot trampling, Wright Valley,
Antarctica. PhD thesis, University of Waikato, 219p
McCraw JD (1967) Soils of Taylor Dry Valley, Victoria Land,
Antarctica, with notes on soils from other localities in Victoria
Land. N Z J Geol Geophys 10(2):498–539
McGaughran AB, Hogg ID, Stevens MI (2008) Patterns of population
genetic structure for springtails and mites in southern Victoria
Land, Antarctica. Mol Phylogenet Evol 46:606–618. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.003
Nishiizumi K, Elmore D, Kubik PW (1987) Update on terrestrial ages
of Antarctic meteorites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 93:299–313
O’Neill TA (2017) Protecting Antarctic soil environments: a review of
the current and future challenges for the environmental protocol.
Environ Sci Policy 76:153–164
O’Neill TA, Aislabie J, Balks MR (2015) Human impacts on soils. In:
Bockheim JG (ed) The soils of Antarctica. World soils book series,
Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3319-05497-1_2
O’Neill TA, Balks MR, López-Martínez J (2014) Ross Island
recreational walking tracks: relationships between soil physiochemical properties and track usage. Polar Rec. https://doi.org/10.
1017/S0032247414000400
O’Neill TA, Balks M, Stevenson B et al (2013a) The short-term effects
of surface soil disturbance on soil bacterial community structure at
an experimental site near Scott Base, Antarctica. Polar Biol 36
(7):985–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1322-8
O’Neill TA, Balks MR, Lopez-Martinez J (2013) The effectiveness of
environmental impact assessments on visitor activity in the Ross
Sea region of Antarctica. In: Lundmark L, Lemelin R, Müller D
et al (eds) New issues in polar tourism: communities, environments,
politics. Springer Publishers, pp 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-94-007-5884-1_6
O’Neill TA, Balks MR, Lopez-Martinez J et al (2012) A method for
assessing the physical recovery of Antarctic desert pavements
following human-induced disturbances: a case study in the Ross
Sea region of Antarctica. J Environ Manag 112:415–428. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.008
Scarrow JW, Balks MR, Almond PC (2014) Three soil chronosequences in recessional glacial deposits near the Polar Plateau, in the
central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 26:1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000078
Seybold CA, Balks MR, Harms DS (2010) Characterization of active
layer water contents in the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica.
Antarct
Sci
22(6):633–645.
https://doi.org/10.1017/
S0954102010000696
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Twelfth edition.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources
Conservation Service, 360p
Wall AM, Balks MR, Campbell DI (2004) Soil moisture measurement
in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica using Hydra soil moisture
probes. In: Super soil 2004: 3rd Australian and New Zealand soils
conference, pp 1–9
Further Reading
287
impacts of human disturbances on snow-free surfaces in Antarctica.
Polar Rec 34(188):15–24
Campbell DI, MacCulloch RJL, Campbell IB (1997) Thermal regimes
of some soils in the McMurdo Sound region of Antarctica. In:
Lyons WB, Howard-Williams C, Hawes I (eds) Ecosystems
processes in Antarctic ice-free landscapes. Balkema, Rotterdam,
pp 45–55. ISBN 90-5410-925-4
Chinn TJH (1979) Impacts of “extreme” events on the Dry Valleys
area. N Z Antarct Rec 2(2):9–13. ISSN 0110-5124
Claridge GGC (1965) The clay mineralogy and chemistry of some soils
from the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. N Z J Geol Geophys
8:186–220
Claridge GGC, Campbell IB (1968) Origin of nitrate deposits. Nature
217:428–430
Claridge GGC, Campbell IB (1977) The salts in Antarctic soils. Their
distribution and relationship to soil processes. Soil Sci 123:377–
384
Claridge GGC, Campbell IB, Balks MR (1999) Movement of salts in
Antarctic soils: experiments using lithium chloride. Permafr
Periglac Process 10:223–233
Clarke RS Jr (1982) The Derrick Peak, Antarctica, iron meteorites.
Meteoritics 17:129–134
Fountain AG, Levy JS, Gooseff MN et al (2014) The McMurdo Dry
Valleys: a landscape on the threshold of change. Geomorphology
225:25–35
Freckman DW, Virginia RA (1997) Low diversity Antarctic soil
nematode communities: distribution and response to disturbance.
Ecology 78:363–369
Goddard HE (2013) Investigation of air and soil climate across the
latitudinal and altitudinal gradient of the Ross Sea region. MSc
thesis, University of Waikato. 166p
Goddard HE, Balks MR, Seybold CA (2012) Soil temperatures over a
latitudinal gradient in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica: preliminary results. In: Proceedings of the tenth international conference
on permafrost. Salekard, Yamal-Nenets Automonous District,
Russia, 25–29 June 2012, vol 4/1: Extended Abstracts, pp 183–
184. ISBN 978-5-91128-050-5
Gooseff MN, Barrett JE, Levy JE (2013) Shallow groundwater systems
in a polar desert, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Hydrogeol J
21:171–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0926-3
Guglielmin M, Balks MR, Adlam LS et al (2011) Permafrost thermal
regime from two 30-m deep boreholes in Southern Victoria Land,
Antarctica. Permafr Periglac Process 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/
ppp.715
Hofstee EH, Balks MR, Petchey F et al (2006) Soils of Seabee Hook,
Cape Hallett, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 18
(4):473–486
Hogg I, Green A, Storey B et al (2010) Perceptions and reality: a new
understanding of terrestrial life in the Ross Sea region. Antarctic 28
(2):27–29
Ikard SJ, Gooseff MN, Barrett JE et al (2009) Thermal characterisation
of active layer across a soil moisture gradient in the McMurdo Dry
Valleys, Antarctica. Permafrost Periglac Process 20:27–39. https://
doi.org/10.1002/ppp.634
IUSS Working Group WRB (2014) World Reference Base for soil
resources 2014. International Soil Classification System for naming
soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources
Reports No 106. FAO, Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-108369-7
Joy K, Fink D, Storey B et al (2014) A 2 million year glacial
chronology of the Hatherton Glacier, Antarctica, and implications
for the size of the East Antarctic ice sheet at the last glacial
maximum. Quat Sci Rev 83:46–57
Kamp PJJ, Lowe DJ (1982) Geology and terrestrial age of the Derrick
Peak meteorite occurrence, Antarctica. Meteoritics 17:119–127
Kirkbride M, Bradshaw M, Harmsen F (1991) Further finds of the
Derrick Peak meteorite occurrence, Transantarctic Mountains, and
implications for terrestrial age. Meteoritics 26:213–216
Kennedy AD (1993) Water as a limiting factor in the Antarctic
terrestrial environment—a biogeographical synthesis. Arct Antarct
Alp Res 25:308–315
McLeod M, Bockheim JG, Balks MR (2008) Glacial geomorphology,
soil development and permafrost features in central-upper Wright
Valley, Antarctica. Geoderma 144(1–2):93–103
McLeod M, Bockheim J, Balks M et al (2009) Soils of western Wright
Valley, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 21(4):355–365
McLeod M (2012) Soil and permafrost distribution, soil characteristics
and soil vulnerability to human foot trampling, Wright Valley,
Antarctica. PhD thesis, University of Waikato, 219p
McCraw JD (1967) Soils of Taylor Dry Valley, Victoria Land,
Antarctica, with notes on soils from other localities in Victoria
Land. N Z J Geol Geophys 10(2):498–539
McGaughran AB, Hogg ID, Stevens MI (2008) Patterns of population
genetic structure for springtails and mites in southern Victoria
Land, Antarctica. Mol Phylogenet Evol 46:606–618. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.003
Nishiizumi K, Elmore D, Kubik PW (1987) Update on terrestrial ages
of Antarctic meteorites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 93:299–313
O’Neill TA (2017) Protecting Antarctic soil environments: a review of
the current and future challenges for the environmental protocol.
Environ Sci Policy 76:153–164
O’Neill TA, Aislabie J, Balks MR (2015) Human impacts on soils. In:
Bockheim JG (ed) The soils of Antarctica. World soils book series,
Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3319-05497-1_2
O’Neill TA, Balks MR, López-Martínez J (2014) Ross Island
recreational walking tracks: relationships between soil physiochemical properties and track usage. Polar Rec. https://doi.org/10.
1017/S0032247414000400
O’Neill TA, Balks M, Stevenson B et al (2013a) The short-term effects
of surface soil disturbance on soil bacterial community structure at
an experimental site near Scott Base, Antarctica. Polar Biol 36
(7):985–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1322-8
O’Neill TA, Balks MR, Lopez-Martinez J (2013) The effectiveness of
environmental impact assessments on visitor activity in the Ross
Sea region of Antarctica. In: Lundmark L, Lemelin R, Müller D
et al (eds) New issues in polar tourism: communities, environments,
politics. Springer Publishers, pp 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-94-007-5884-1_6
O’Neill TA, Balks MR, Lopez-Martinez J et al (2012) A method for
assessing the physical recovery of Antarctic desert pavements
following human-induced disturbances: a case study in the Ross
Sea region of Antarctica. J Environ Manag 112:415–428. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.008
Scarrow JW, Balks MR, Almond PC (2014) Three soil chronosequences in recessional glacial deposits near the Polar Plateau, in the
central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 26:1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000078
Seybold CA, Balks MR, Harms DS (2010) Characterization of active
layer water contents in the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica.
Antarct
Sci
22(6):633–645.
https://doi.org/10.1017/
S0954102010000696
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Twelfth edition.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources
Conservation Service, 360p
Wall AM, Balks MR, Campbell DI (2004) Soil moisture measurement
in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica using Hydra soil moisture
probes. In: Super soil 2004: 3rd Australian and New Zealand soils
conference, pp 1–9
Further Reading
287