156 Citizens
16 Carl Stempel, Thomas Hargrove, and Guido H. Stempel, “Media Use, Social Structure, and Belief in 9/11 Conspiracy Theories”, Journalism and
Mass Communication Quarterly, 84.2(2007), pp. 353–372, p. 353.
17 Steve Clarke, “Conspiracy Theories and the Internet: Controlled Demolition and Arrested Development”, Episteme: A Journal of Social Epistemology, 4.2(2007), pp. 167–180.
18 Daniel Cohnitz, Critical Citizens or Paranoid Nutcases: On the Epistemology of Conspiracy Theories, Utrecht: University of Utrecht, 2017,
pp. 16–18.
19 Cohnitz, p. 18.
20 Paul Joseph Watson, “Cost of Bailout Hits $8.5 Trillion”, Info”ars, 26
November 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081202232726/http://
www.Infowars.com:80/?p=6194.
21 Martin Parlett, Demonizing a President: The “Foreignization” of Barack
Obama, Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2014, p. 126.
22 Nate Blakeslee, “Alex Jones Is About to Explode”, TexasMonthly, 8 March
2010, www.texasmonthly.com/politics/alex-jones-is-about-to-explode/.
23 Ashley Parker, and Steve Eder, “Inside the Six Weeks Donald Trump Was
a Nonstop Birther”, The New York Times, 2 July 2016, www.nytimes.
com/2016/07/03/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html.
24 Mike Adams, “Sandy Hook AR-15 Hoax? Still No School Surveillance Footage
Released”, Natural News/Infowars, 14 January 2013, www.Infowars.com/
sandy-hook-ar-15-hoax-still-no-school-surveillance-footage-released/.
25 Adan Salazar, “FBI Says No One Killed at Sandy Hook”, Infowars, 24 September 2014, www.Infowars.com/fbi-says-no-one-killed-at-sandy-hook/.
26 Rob Drew, “Mega Massive Cover Up: Retired FBI Agent Investigates
Sandy Hook”, Infowars, 7 July 2015, www.Infowars.com/mega-massivecover-up-retired-fbi-agent-investigates-sandy-hook/.
27 Eric Bradner, “Trump Praises 9/11 Truther’s ‘amazing’ Reputation”, CNN,
2 December 2015, https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/02/politics/donaldtrump-praises-9-11-truther-alex-jones/index.html.
28 Emily Shugerman, “US Shock Jock Alex Jones Sued by Six More Families of
Sandy Hook Victims”, The Independent, 25 May 2018, www. independent.
co.uk/news/world/americas/alex-jones-sued-sandy-hook-victims- familiesdefamation-Infowars-a8368346.html.
29 Elizabeth Williamson, “Alex Jones, Pursued over Infowars Falsehoods,
Faces a Legal Crossroads”, The New York Times, 31 July 2018, www.
nytimes.com/2018/07/31/us/politics/alex-jones-defamation-suit- sandyhook.html.
30 Megan Garber, “The Lasting Trauma of Alex Jones’s Lies”, The Atlantic, 4 August 2018, www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/08/
the-lasting-trauma-of-alex-joness-lies/566573/.
31 Dylan Byers, Pacific with Dylan Jones, 7 August 2018, https://mailchi.mp/
cnn/pacific-august-7-2018?e=4e0d6f7d41.
32 Facebook, “Enforcing Our Community Standards”, Facebook Newsroom, 6 August 2018, https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/08/enforcingour-community-standards/.
33 Mike Snider, “Why Facebook Can Stop Infowars and Not Break the First
Amendment”, USA Today, 9 August 2018, https://eu.usatoday.com/story/
tech/news/2018/08/09/why-facebook-can-censor-Infowars-and-not-breakfirst-amendment/922636002/.
34 Jack Nicas, “Tech Companies Banned Infowars. Now, Its App Is Trending”, New York Times, 8 August 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/08/08/
technology/Infowars-app-trending.html.
16 Carl Stempel, Thomas Hargrove, and Guido H. Stempel, “Media Use, Social Structure, and Belief in 9/11 Conspiracy Theories”, Journalism and
Mass Communication Quarterly, 84.2(2007), pp. 353–372, p. 353.
17 Steve Clarke, “Conspiracy Theories and the Internet: Controlled Demolition and Arrested Development”, Episteme: A Journal of Social Epistemology, 4.2(2007), pp. 167–180.
18 Daniel Cohnitz, Critical Citizens or Paranoid Nutcases: On the Epistemology of Conspiracy Theories, Utrecht: University of Utrecht, 2017,
pp. 16–18.
19 Cohnitz, p. 18.
20 Paul Joseph Watson, “Cost of Bailout Hits $8.5 Trillion”, Info”ars, 26
November 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081202232726/http://
www.Infowars.com:80/?p=6194.
21 Martin Parlett, Demonizing a President: The “Foreignization” of Barack
Obama, Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2014, p. 126.
22 Nate Blakeslee, “Alex Jones Is About to Explode”, TexasMonthly, 8 March
2010, www.texasmonthly.com/politics/alex-jones-is-about-to-explode/.
23 Ashley Parker, and Steve Eder, “Inside the Six Weeks Donald Trump Was
a Nonstop Birther”, The New York Times, 2 July 2016, www.nytimes.
com/2016/07/03/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html.
24 Mike Adams, “Sandy Hook AR-15 Hoax? Still No School Surveillance Footage
Released”, Natural News/Infowars, 14 January 2013, www.Infowars.com/
sandy-hook-ar-15-hoax-still-no-school-surveillance-footage-released/.
25 Adan Salazar, “FBI Says No One Killed at Sandy Hook”, Infowars, 24 September 2014, www.Infowars.com/fbi-says-no-one-killed-at-sandy-hook/.
26 Rob Drew, “Mega Massive Cover Up: Retired FBI Agent Investigates
Sandy Hook”, Infowars, 7 July 2015, www.Infowars.com/mega-massivecover-up-retired-fbi-agent-investigates-sandy-hook/.
27 Eric Bradner, “Trump Praises 9/11 Truther’s ‘amazing’ Reputation”, CNN,
2 December 2015, https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/02/politics/donaldtrump-praises-9-11-truther-alex-jones/index.html.
28 Emily Shugerman, “US Shock Jock Alex Jones Sued by Six More Families of
Sandy Hook Victims”, The Independent, 25 May 2018, www. independent.
co.uk/news/world/americas/alex-jones-sued-sandy-hook-victims- familiesdefamation-Infowars-a8368346.html.
29 Elizabeth Williamson, “Alex Jones, Pursued over Infowars Falsehoods,
Faces a Legal Crossroads”, The New York Times, 31 July 2018, www.
nytimes.com/2018/07/31/us/politics/alex-jones-defamation-suit- sandyhook.html.
30 Megan Garber, “The Lasting Trauma of Alex Jones’s Lies”, The Atlantic, 4 August 2018, www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/08/
the-lasting-trauma-of-alex-joness-lies/566573/.
31 Dylan Byers, Pacific with Dylan Jones, 7 August 2018, https://mailchi.mp/
cnn/pacific-august-7-2018?e=4e0d6f7d41.
32 Facebook, “Enforcing Our Community Standards”, Facebook Newsroom, 6 August 2018, https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/08/enforcingour-community-standards/.
33 Mike Snider, “Why Facebook Can Stop Infowars and Not Break the First
Amendment”, USA Today, 9 August 2018, https://eu.usatoday.com/story/
tech/news/2018/08/09/why-facebook-can-censor-Infowars-and-not-breakfirst-amendment/922636002/.
34 Jack Nicas, “Tech Companies Banned Infowars. Now, Its App Is Trending”, New York Times, 8 August 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/08/08/
technology/Infowars-app-trending.html.