122 Turing’s Test
3 Josh Boak, “Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Reports a $12B 2Q Profit”,
Associated Press, 4 August 2018, www.apnews.com/ f35ca8cc056f4219
8e6d1bda2b94ab41/Buffett’s-Berkshire-Hathaway-reports-a-$12B-2Qprofit.
4 Lia-Paschalia Spyridou, Maria Matsiola, Andreas Veglis, George Kalliris,
and Charalambos Dimoulas,“Journalism in a State of Flux Journalists As
Agents of Technology Innovation and Emerging News Practices”, The International Communication Gazette, 75.1(2013), pp. 76–98.
5 Mary Lynn Young, and Alfred Hermida, “From Mr. and Mrs. Outlier to
Central Tendencies Computational Journalism and Crime Reporting at the
Los Angeles Times”, Digital Journalism, 3.3(2015), pp. 381–397.
6 Henrik Örnebring, and Raul Ferrer Conill, “Outsourcing Newswork” in
Tamara Witschge, C. W. Anderson, and David Domingo (eds.), The SAGE
Handbook of Digital Journalism, London: Sage, 2016, pp. 207–221.
7 Örnebring and Conill, p. 215.
8 Terry Flew, Christina Spurgeon, Anna Daniel, and Adam Swift, “The
Promise of Computational Journalism”, Journalism Practice, 6.2(2012),
pp. 157–171.
9 Christopher W. Anderson, “Towards a Sociology of Computational and Algorithmic Journalism”, New Media and Society, 15.7(2012), pp. 1005–1021.
10 Tal Montal, and Ziv Reich, “I, Robot. You, Journalist. Who Is the Author?”
Digital Journalism, 5.7(2017), pp. 829–849, p. 831.
11 Jean K. Chelaby, The Invention of Journalism, London: Palgrave, 1998;
John Downing, Internationalizing Media Theory: Transitions, Power, Culture, London: Sage, 1996; Kevin Williams, “Competing Models of Journalism? Anglo-American and European Reporting in the Information Age”,
Journalistica, 2(2006), pp. 43–65.
12 Chelaby, p. 69.
13 Williams, p. 44.
14 Chelaby, p. 132.
15 John Maxwell Hamilton, and Heidi J. S. Tworek, “The Natural History
of the News: An Epigenetic Study”, Journalism, 18.4(2017), pp. 391–407,
p. 392.
16 Matt Carlson, “The Robotic Reporter”, Digital Journalism, 3.3(2015),
pp. 416–431.
17 Carlson, p. 422.
18 Carlson, p. 426.
19 Nicole Cohen, “From Pink Slips to Pink Slime: Transforming Media Labor
in a Digital Age”, The Communication Review, 18.2(2015), pp. 98–122,
p. 98.
20 Cohen, p. 99.
21 Bill Ryan, Making Capital from Culture: Corporate Form of Capitalist Cultural Production, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1992, p. 140.
22 See Andrew Ross, “In Search of the Lost Paycheck”, in Trebor Scholz (ed.),
Digital Labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory, London: Routledge, 2012, p. 14.
23 Montal and Reich, p. 831.
24 Andreas Graefe, Guide to Automated Journalism, New York: Tow Center
for Digital Journalism, 2016, p. 10.
25 Graefe, pp. 36–37.
26 Konstantin Nicholas Dörr, “Mapping the Field of Algorithmic Journalism”,
Digital Journalism, 4.6(2016), pp. 700–722.
27 Francine Prose, “Nothing about the Trump Presidency Is Normal. Keep
Remembering That”, The Guardian, 20 July, 2017, www.theguardian.
3 Josh Boak, “Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Reports a $12B 2Q Profit”,
Associated Press, 4 August 2018, www.apnews.com/ f35ca8cc056f4219
8e6d1bda2b94ab41/Buffett’s-Berkshire-Hathaway-reports-a-$12B-2Qprofit.
4 Lia-Paschalia Spyridou, Maria Matsiola, Andreas Veglis, George Kalliris,
and Charalambos Dimoulas,“Journalism in a State of Flux Journalists As
Agents of Technology Innovation and Emerging News Practices”, The International Communication Gazette, 75.1(2013), pp. 76–98.
5 Mary Lynn Young, and Alfred Hermida, “From Mr. and Mrs. Outlier to
Central Tendencies Computational Journalism and Crime Reporting at the
Los Angeles Times”, Digital Journalism, 3.3(2015), pp. 381–397.
6 Henrik Örnebring, and Raul Ferrer Conill, “Outsourcing Newswork” in
Tamara Witschge, C. W. Anderson, and David Domingo (eds.), The SAGE
Handbook of Digital Journalism, London: Sage, 2016, pp. 207–221.
7 Örnebring and Conill, p. 215.
8 Terry Flew, Christina Spurgeon, Anna Daniel, and Adam Swift, “The
Promise of Computational Journalism”, Journalism Practice, 6.2(2012),
pp. 157–171.
9 Christopher W. Anderson, “Towards a Sociology of Computational and Algorithmic Journalism”, New Media and Society, 15.7(2012), pp. 1005–1021.
10 Tal Montal, and Ziv Reich, “I, Robot. You, Journalist. Who Is the Author?”
Digital Journalism, 5.7(2017), pp. 829–849, p. 831.
11 Jean K. Chelaby, The Invention of Journalism, London: Palgrave, 1998;
John Downing, Internationalizing Media Theory: Transitions, Power, Culture, London: Sage, 1996; Kevin Williams, “Competing Models of Journalism? Anglo-American and European Reporting in the Information Age”,
Journalistica, 2(2006), pp. 43–65.
12 Chelaby, p. 69.
13 Williams, p. 44.
14 Chelaby, p. 132.
15 John Maxwell Hamilton, and Heidi J. S. Tworek, “The Natural History
of the News: An Epigenetic Study”, Journalism, 18.4(2017), pp. 391–407,
p. 392.
16 Matt Carlson, “The Robotic Reporter”, Digital Journalism, 3.3(2015),
pp. 416–431.
17 Carlson, p. 422.
18 Carlson, p. 426.
19 Nicole Cohen, “From Pink Slips to Pink Slime: Transforming Media Labor
in a Digital Age”, The Communication Review, 18.2(2015), pp. 98–122,
p. 98.
20 Cohen, p. 99.
21 Bill Ryan, Making Capital from Culture: Corporate Form of Capitalist Cultural Production, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1992, p. 140.
22 See Andrew Ross, “In Search of the Lost Paycheck”, in Trebor Scholz (ed.),
Digital Labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory, London: Routledge, 2012, p. 14.
23 Montal and Reich, p. 831.
24 Andreas Graefe, Guide to Automated Journalism, New York: Tow Center
for Digital Journalism, 2016, p. 10.
25 Graefe, pp. 36–37.
26 Konstantin Nicholas Dörr, “Mapping the Field of Algorithmic Journalism”,
Digital Journalism, 4.6(2016), pp. 700–722.
27 Francine Prose, “Nothing about the Trump Presidency Is Normal. Keep
Remembering That”, The Guardian, 20 July, 2017, www.theguardian.