Chapter 21
Tannins and Polyphenols Extracted
from Natural Plants and Their Versatile
Application
Suvadeep Mal and Dilipkumar Pal
Abstract From the beginning of lives on earth, nature is contributing different
products to the system constantly and endlessly. Plants synthesize a large number of
organic compounds, which are commonly known as primary and secondary
metabolites with various applications. Tannins are one of the secondary metabolites
solely obtained from the natural or plant sources where it present in the woods,
barks, leaves, fruits, cell sap or in vacuoles. Chemically, they are polyphenolic
colloidal solutions with complex astringent properties and it has the ability to tan or
convert the skin of animals into leather. Depending on the complexity of chemical
nature, tannins are classified into two types i.e., hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. More than 8000 different tannins of free or bound forms have been
detected which can be used in various sector. Despite of its astringent property,
tannins and polyphenols can show their identity with different applications with
properties like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-aging, stomachic, cardio-tonic, diuretics, laxatives, hypoglycemic, anti-corrosive or in photography, food, neutraceuticals or cosmeceuticals. In this review, we discuss about
different tannins and polyphenols obtained from different sources, their types, about
important chemicals and their remarkable applications in different fields of the
system.
Keywords Secondary metabolite Á Colloidal solution Á Tannins Á Hydrolysable
tannin Á Condensed tannin Á Astringent Á Polyphenols Á Laxative Á Cardio-tonic Á
Anti-oxidants Á Anti-inflammatory Á Anti-microbial Á Diuretics Á Neutraceuticals Á
Cosmeceuticals
S. Mal
Haldia Institute of Pharmacy, Kshudiram Nagar, West Bengal, Haldia-721657, India
D. Pal (&)
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Viswavidyalaya
(A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
e-mail: drdilip2003@yahoo.co.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
D. Pal and A. K. Nayak (eds.), Bioactive Natural Products
for Pharmaceutical Applications, Advanced Structured Materials 140,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54027-2_21
715
Tannins and Polyphenols Extracted
from Natural Plants and Their Versatile
Application
Suvadeep Mal and Dilipkumar Pal
Abstract From the beginning of lives on earth, nature is contributing different
products to the system constantly and endlessly. Plants synthesize a large number of
organic compounds, which are commonly known as primary and secondary
metabolites with various applications. Tannins are one of the secondary metabolites
solely obtained from the natural or plant sources where it present in the woods,
barks, leaves, fruits, cell sap or in vacuoles. Chemically, they are polyphenolic
colloidal solutions with complex astringent properties and it has the ability to tan or
convert the skin of animals into leather. Depending on the complexity of chemical
nature, tannins are classified into two types i.e., hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. More than 8000 different tannins of free or bound forms have been
detected which can be used in various sector. Despite of its astringent property,
tannins and polyphenols can show their identity with different applications with
properties like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-aging, stomachic, cardio-tonic, diuretics, laxatives, hypoglycemic, anti-corrosive or in photography, food, neutraceuticals or cosmeceuticals. In this review, we discuss about
different tannins and polyphenols obtained from different sources, their types, about
important chemicals and their remarkable applications in different fields of the
system.
Keywords Secondary metabolite Á Colloidal solution Á Tannins Á Hydrolysable
tannin Á Condensed tannin Á Astringent Á Polyphenols Á Laxative Á Cardio-tonic Á
Anti-oxidants Á Anti-inflammatory Á Anti-microbial Á Diuretics Á Neutraceuticals Á
Cosmeceuticals
S. Mal
Haldia Institute of Pharmacy, Kshudiram Nagar, West Bengal, Haldia-721657, India
D. Pal (&)
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Viswavidyalaya
(A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
e-mail: drdilip2003@yahoo.co.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
D. Pal and A. K. Nayak (eds.), Bioactive Natural Products
for Pharmaceutical Applications, Advanced Structured Materials 140,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54027-2_21
715