19.8.2 By-Products from Tomato and Olive
Tomato and olive are the most important food products worldwide. Tomato and
olive oil food processed products are mainly located in the Mediterranean areas and
shipped worldwide.
The annual production of tomato in the world is around 160 million tons, about
40 million tons of which are processed such as tomato peel, tomato paste, unpeeled,
and chopped tomatoes (Tomato Processing industries 2014). High amount of
important tomato by-products (peels, pulps, and seed) generated due to tomato
processed industrially are rich in lycopene which has antioxidant properties, and
used for disease prevention. Tomatoes are highly demanded for food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic industries. Lycopene is extracted from peel approximately
five times more than pulp. Extraction of lycopene commercially is expensive due to
its difficult extraction process. Tomatoes by-products’ high moisture content and
sensitivity to microbial spoilage make the storage and processing of this material
problematic (Papaioannou and Karabelas 2012). Hence, lycopene ensuring to be
used in food and cosmetic industry (Papaioannou and Karabelas 2012).
Mediterranean diet olive oil has most important to improve health status in terms
of heart disease. It is already know that olive oils are principle ingredients which are
used to variety of cosmetic products such as face and body creams, soaps, lotions,
shampoos, body massage oil, and hair oils. Olive oils by-products are composed of
phenolic compounds and monounsaturated fatty acids. Olive oil and by-products
show potential biological activity in epithelial, endothelial, platelets, neurons,
neoplastic cells, and immune system. By-products are composed of phenolic
compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and other derivates show in vivo
and in vitro antioxidant property. A lot of research efforts were published especially
about oleuropein and its pharmacological activities which include
anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effect (Omar 2010). Olive oil and its
by-products already known to skin and hair care products.
19.8.3 By-Products Processing from Coffee
Coffee is among the most crops generating large amount of by-products in the
coffee processing industry. Globally, coffee (C. arabica and C. robusta) is usually
cultivated in South Asia, India, Latin America, and Africa. By-products of coffee
are produced from the coffee pulp and husk processing, it has less applications such
as prepare compost, fertilizer, and livestock feed (Murthy and Naidu 2012). While
collection and selection of coffee beans some of coffee berries are unused green
beans, they have been mechanically damaged and sufficiently ripe and big to pass
the next processing step. The green beans have valuable antioxidants, which not yet
been broken by the roasting process (Murthy and Naidu 2012).
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N. R. Desam and A. J. Al-Rajab
Tomato and olive are the most important food products worldwide. Tomato and
olive oil food processed products are mainly located in the Mediterranean areas and
shipped worldwide.
The annual production of tomato in the world is around 160 million tons, about
40 million tons of which are processed such as tomato peel, tomato paste, unpeeled,
and chopped tomatoes (Tomato Processing industries 2014). High amount of
important tomato by-products (peels, pulps, and seed) generated due to tomato
processed industrially are rich in lycopene which has antioxidant properties, and
used for disease prevention. Tomatoes are highly demanded for food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic industries. Lycopene is extracted from peel approximately
five times more than pulp. Extraction of lycopene commercially is expensive due to
its difficult extraction process. Tomatoes by-products’ high moisture content and
sensitivity to microbial spoilage make the storage and processing of this material
problematic (Papaioannou and Karabelas 2012). Hence, lycopene ensuring to be
used in food and cosmetic industry (Papaioannou and Karabelas 2012).
Mediterranean diet olive oil has most important to improve health status in terms
of heart disease. It is already know that olive oils are principle ingredients which are
used to variety of cosmetic products such as face and body creams, soaps, lotions,
shampoos, body massage oil, and hair oils. Olive oils by-products are composed of
phenolic compounds and monounsaturated fatty acids. Olive oil and by-products
show potential biological activity in epithelial, endothelial, platelets, neurons,
neoplastic cells, and immune system. By-products are composed of phenolic
compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and other derivates show in vivo
and in vitro antioxidant property. A lot of research efforts were published especially
about oleuropein and its pharmacological activities which include
anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effect (Omar 2010). Olive oil and its
by-products already known to skin and hair care products.
19.8.3 By-Products Processing from Coffee
Coffee is among the most crops generating large amount of by-products in the
coffee processing industry. Globally, coffee (C. arabica and C. robusta) is usually
cultivated in South Asia, India, Latin America, and Africa. By-products of coffee
are produced from the coffee pulp and husk processing, it has less applications such
as prepare compost, fertilizer, and livestock feed (Murthy and Naidu 2012). While
collection and selection of coffee beans some of coffee berries are unused green
beans, they have been mechanically damaged and sufficiently ripe and big to pass
the next processing step. The green beans have valuable antioxidants, which not yet
been broken by the roasting process (Murthy and Naidu 2012).
674
N. R. Desam and A. J. Al-Rajab