expression of phenylalanine messenger ribonucleic acid. These data confirmed the
effects of phenylalanine, salicylic acid and chitosan on secondary metabolites of C.
aromaticus Benth (Govindaraju and Arulselvi 2018).
1.4.3.9 Effects of MJ, Chitosan and Microbial Lysates on Essential Oil
Accumulation in Rhododendron tomentosum
Jesionek et al. experimentally proved the importance of abiotic elicitors (copper,
nickel, methyl jasmoante in dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide,
ethanol) and biotic elicitors (chitosan hydrochloride, ergosterol and aphid extract in
ethanol, lysates of C. albicans, E. coli, Enterobacter sakazaki, Pectobacterium
Carotovorum, Dickeya dadantii) on the quantity of essential oils (monoterpene
hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated
sesquiterpenes, aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenes) in R. tomentosum plant. The
experiment was started with formation of in vitro culture of the plant on
Schenk-Hildebrandt medium contained ammonium nitrate and isopentenyladenine
within a period of one month. The formation of biomass was done using microshoots of the plant within sterilized bioreactor with proper illumination followed by
elicitation using the aforementioned abiotic and biotic elicitors. The fresh weight
and dry weight of biomass with growth index reflected that nickel, MJ in ethanol,
ergosterol in ethanol and lysate of Enterobacter sakazaki showed greater production. The productions of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes,
sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpene and aromadendrane-type
sesquiterpenes were maximized with copper and moderate with Escherichia coli
lysates, nickel and ethanolic ergosterol and ethanolic MJ, respectively. The outcomes stated the importance of both abiotic and biotic elicitors on the production of
volatile oils in R. tomentosum plant (Jesionek et al. 2018).
1.4.3.10 Effects of Yeast, MJ and Salicylic Acid on Ursolic Acid
and Eugenol Production in Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Sharan et al. experimentally proved the importance of abiotic elicitors [(MJ: 0, 3, 60
and 120 mg/l) and (salicylic acid: 0, 30, 60 and 120 mg/l)] and biotic elicitor (yeast:
0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/l) on the production of ursolic acid and eugenol in Ocimum
tenuiflorum L (holy basil) plant. The experiment was started with formation of hairy
root culture from explants cultured in MS medium with cefotaxime and sucrose as
antibiotic and sugar source, respectively followed by elicitation using aforementioned elicitors and evaluated the effects of A. rhizogenes bacterial strains (LBA
9402 and A4) on the transformation into leaf and stems as well as evaluated the
production of biomass, ursolic acid and eugenol contents for a time period of thirty
five days and finally quantified the effects of elicitors on seventeen and twenty one
old hairy roots tendency to accumulate ursolic acid and eugenol within four to
twelve days period. The outcomes revealed that LBA 9402 strain of A. rhizogenes
30
S. Saha and D. Pal
effects of phenylalanine, salicylic acid and chitosan on secondary metabolites of C.
aromaticus Benth (Govindaraju and Arulselvi 2018).
1.4.3.9 Effects of MJ, Chitosan and Microbial Lysates on Essential Oil
Accumulation in Rhododendron tomentosum
Jesionek et al. experimentally proved the importance of abiotic elicitors (copper,
nickel, methyl jasmoante in dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide,
ethanol) and biotic elicitors (chitosan hydrochloride, ergosterol and aphid extract in
ethanol, lysates of C. albicans, E. coli, Enterobacter sakazaki, Pectobacterium
Carotovorum, Dickeya dadantii) on the quantity of essential oils (monoterpene
hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated
sesquiterpenes, aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenes) in R. tomentosum plant. The
experiment was started with formation of in vitro culture of the plant on
Schenk-Hildebrandt medium contained ammonium nitrate and isopentenyladenine
within a period of one month. The formation of biomass was done using microshoots of the plant within sterilized bioreactor with proper illumination followed by
elicitation using the aforementioned abiotic and biotic elicitors. The fresh weight
and dry weight of biomass with growth index reflected that nickel, MJ in ethanol,
ergosterol in ethanol and lysate of Enterobacter sakazaki showed greater production. The productions of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes,
sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpene and aromadendrane-type
sesquiterpenes were maximized with copper and moderate with Escherichia coli
lysates, nickel and ethanolic ergosterol and ethanolic MJ, respectively. The outcomes stated the importance of both abiotic and biotic elicitors on the production of
volatile oils in R. tomentosum plant (Jesionek et al. 2018).
1.4.3.10 Effects of Yeast, MJ and Salicylic Acid on Ursolic Acid
and Eugenol Production in Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Sharan et al. experimentally proved the importance of abiotic elicitors [(MJ: 0, 3, 60
and 120 mg/l) and (salicylic acid: 0, 30, 60 and 120 mg/l)] and biotic elicitor (yeast:
0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/l) on the production of ursolic acid and eugenol in Ocimum
tenuiflorum L (holy basil) plant. The experiment was started with formation of hairy
root culture from explants cultured in MS medium with cefotaxime and sucrose as
antibiotic and sugar source, respectively followed by elicitation using aforementioned elicitors and evaluated the effects of A. rhizogenes bacterial strains (LBA
9402 and A4) on the transformation into leaf and stems as well as evaluated the
production of biomass, ursolic acid and eugenol contents for a time period of thirty
five days and finally quantified the effects of elicitors on seventeen and twenty one
old hairy roots tendency to accumulate ursolic acid and eugenol within four to
twelve days period. The outcomes revealed that LBA 9402 strain of A. rhizogenes
30
S. Saha and D. Pal