Al-Yahya AA (2013) Reproductive, cytological and biochemical toxicity of fenugreek in male
Swiss albino mice. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 7:2072–2080
Avachat AM, Dash RR, Shrotriya SN (2011) Recent investigations of plant based natural gums,
mucilages and resins in novel drug delivery systems. Ind J Pharm Edu Res 45:86–99
Ban CR, Twigg SM (2008) Fibrosis in diabetes complications: pathogenic mechanisms and
circulating and urinary markers. Vasc Health Risk Manag 4:575–596
Bassi P, Kaur G (2015a) Bioadhesive vaginal drug delivery of nystatin using a derivatized
polymer: development and characterization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 96:173–184
Bassi P, Kaur G (2015b) Fenugreek gum derivatives with improved bioadhesion and controlled
drug release: in vitro and in vivo characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Tec 29:42–54
Belaïd-Nouira Y, Bakhta H, Haouas Z, Flehi-Slim I, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Cheikh HB (2013)
Fenugreek seeds, a hepatoprotector forage crop against chronic AlCl3 toxicity. BMC Vet Res
9:9–22
Bera H, Boddupalli S, Nandikonda S, Kumar S, Nayak AK (2015a) Alginate gel-coated
oil-entrapped alginate–tamarind gum–magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. Int J
Biol Macromol 78:102–111
Bera H, Gaini C, Kumar S, Sarkar S, Boddupalli S, Ippagunta SR (2016) HPMC-based
gastroretentive dual working matrices coated with Ca+ 2 ion crosslinked alginate-fenugreek
gum gel membrane. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 67:170–181
Bera H, Kandukuri SG, Nayak AK, Boddupalli S (2015b) Alginate–sterculia gum gel-coated
oil-entrapped alginate beads for gastroretentive risperidone delivery. Carbohydr Polym
120:74–84
Bera H, Mothe S, Maiti S, Vanga S (2018) Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan
gum-calcium silicate composite beads for glimepiride delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 107:604–
614
Bhowmik D, Chiranjib B, Krishnakanth P, Chandira RM (2009) Fast dissolving tablet: an
overview. J Chem pharm 1:163–177
Blank I, Lin J, Devaud S, Fumeaux R, Fay LB (1997) The principal flavor components of
fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), In: Spices. American Chemical Society, pp 12–28
Board M, Humm S, Newsholme EA (1990) Maximum activities of key enzymes of glycolysis,
glutaminolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle in normal, neoplastic
and suppressed cells. Biochem J 265:503–509
Brummer Y, Cui W, Wang Q (2003) Extraction, purification and physicochemical characterization
of fenugreek gum. Food Hydrocoll 17:229–236
Campia P, Ponzini E, Rossi B, Farris S, Silvetti T, Merlini L, Galante YM (2017) Aerogels of
enzymatically oxidized galactomannans from leguminous plants: Versatile delivery systems of
antimicrobial peptides and enzymes. Carbohydr Polym 158:102–111
Castro PM, Baptista P, Madureira AR, Sarmento B, Pintado ME (2018) Combination of PLGA
nanoparticles with mucoadhesive guar-gum films for buccal delivery of antihypertensive
peptide. Int J Pharm 547:593–601
Cerqueira MA, Bourbon AI, Pinheiro AC, Martins JT, Souza BWS, Teixeira JA, Vicente AA
(2011) Galactomannans use in the development of edible films/coatings for food applications.
Trends Food Sci Tech 22:662–671
Chen YC, Ho HO, Lee TY, Sheu MT (2013) Physical characterizations and sustained release
profiling of gastroretentive drug delivery systems with improved floating and swelling
capabilities. Int J Pharm 441:162–169
Choudhary PD, Pawar HA (2014) Recently investigated natural gums and mucilages as
pharmaceutical excipients: an overview. J Pharm 2014:1–9
Cui SW (2001) Cereal non-starch polysaccharides I. (1–3)(1–4)-b-d-Glucans. Polysaccharide
gums from agricultural products: processing, structures and functionality. Technomic
Publishing Co, Lancaster, pp 103–166
Dawidar AM, Saleh AA, Elmotei SL (1973) Steroid sapogenin constituents of fenugreek seeds.
Planta Med 24:367–370
11 Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Fenugreek Gum
403
Swiss albino mice. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 7:2072–2080
Avachat AM, Dash RR, Shrotriya SN (2011) Recent investigations of plant based natural gums,
mucilages and resins in novel drug delivery systems. Ind J Pharm Edu Res 45:86–99
Ban CR, Twigg SM (2008) Fibrosis in diabetes complications: pathogenic mechanisms and
circulating and urinary markers. Vasc Health Risk Manag 4:575–596
Bassi P, Kaur G (2015a) Bioadhesive vaginal drug delivery of nystatin using a derivatized
polymer: development and characterization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 96:173–184
Bassi P, Kaur G (2015b) Fenugreek gum derivatives with improved bioadhesion and controlled
drug release: in vitro and in vivo characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Tec 29:42–54
Belaïd-Nouira Y, Bakhta H, Haouas Z, Flehi-Slim I, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Cheikh HB (2013)
Fenugreek seeds, a hepatoprotector forage crop against chronic AlCl3 toxicity. BMC Vet Res
9:9–22
Bera H, Boddupalli S, Nandikonda S, Kumar S, Nayak AK (2015a) Alginate gel-coated
oil-entrapped alginate–tamarind gum–magnesium stearate buoyant beads of risperidone. Int J
Biol Macromol 78:102–111
Bera H, Gaini C, Kumar S, Sarkar S, Boddupalli S, Ippagunta SR (2016) HPMC-based
gastroretentive dual working matrices coated with Ca+ 2 ion crosslinked alginate-fenugreek
gum gel membrane. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 67:170–181
Bera H, Kandukuri SG, Nayak AK, Boddupalli S (2015b) Alginate–sterculia gum gel-coated
oil-entrapped alginate beads for gastroretentive risperidone delivery. Carbohydr Polym
120:74–84
Bera H, Mothe S, Maiti S, Vanga S (2018) Carboxymethyl fenugreek galactomannan-gellan
gum-calcium silicate composite beads for glimepiride delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 107:604–
614
Bhowmik D, Chiranjib B, Krishnakanth P, Chandira RM (2009) Fast dissolving tablet: an
overview. J Chem pharm 1:163–177
Blank I, Lin J, Devaud S, Fumeaux R, Fay LB (1997) The principal flavor components of
fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), In: Spices. American Chemical Society, pp 12–28
Board M, Humm S, Newsholme EA (1990) Maximum activities of key enzymes of glycolysis,
glutaminolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle in normal, neoplastic
and suppressed cells. Biochem J 265:503–509
Brummer Y, Cui W, Wang Q (2003) Extraction, purification and physicochemical characterization
of fenugreek gum. Food Hydrocoll 17:229–236
Campia P, Ponzini E, Rossi B, Farris S, Silvetti T, Merlini L, Galante YM (2017) Aerogels of
enzymatically oxidized galactomannans from leguminous plants: Versatile delivery systems of
antimicrobial peptides and enzymes. Carbohydr Polym 158:102–111
Castro PM, Baptista P, Madureira AR, Sarmento B, Pintado ME (2018) Combination of PLGA
nanoparticles with mucoadhesive guar-gum films for buccal delivery of antihypertensive
peptide. Int J Pharm 547:593–601
Cerqueira MA, Bourbon AI, Pinheiro AC, Martins JT, Souza BWS, Teixeira JA, Vicente AA
(2011) Galactomannans use in the development of edible films/coatings for food applications.
Trends Food Sci Tech 22:662–671
Chen YC, Ho HO, Lee TY, Sheu MT (2013) Physical characterizations and sustained release
profiling of gastroretentive drug delivery systems with improved floating and swelling
capabilities. Int J Pharm 441:162–169
Choudhary PD, Pawar HA (2014) Recently investigated natural gums and mucilages as
pharmaceutical excipients: an overview. J Pharm 2014:1–9
Cui SW (2001) Cereal non-starch polysaccharides I. (1–3)(1–4)-b-d-Glucans. Polysaccharide
gums from agricultural products: processing, structures and functionality. Technomic
Publishing Co, Lancaster, pp 103–166
Dawidar AM, Saleh AA, Elmotei SL (1973) Steroid sapogenin constituents of fenugreek seeds.
Planta Med 24:367–370
11 Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Fenugreek Gum
403