Saponin ¼ Sapogenin þ Sugar
Sapogenin has a steroidal nucleus (neutral saponins) and a pentacyclic triterpenoid nucleus (acid saponins). Sapogenin includes diosgenin, asiatic acid,
panaxadiol, glycyrrhetinic acid, carbenoxolone, brahmic acid, and shatavarin I–IV,
etc. (Fig. 10.9). Sugars include glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose.
N
NH
CH 3
COR
N
NH
CH 3
COR
R= OH
R= NH 2
Lysergic acid
Lysergic acid amide
Isolysergic acid
Isolysergic acid amide
R= NHCH(CH 3 )CH 2 OH
Ergometrine
Ergometrinine
R=N(C 2 H 5 ) 2
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
N
N
CH 2 CH 3
O
H
COOCH 3
N
H
N
O H
CH 2 CH 3
H
COOCH 3
H 3 CO
OCOCH 3
H
H
R
Vinblastine R= CH
3
Vincristine R = CHO
N
C
H 3
O
H
H
CH 2 OH
O
O
( -) - Scopolamine ( Hyoscine)
Fig. 10.3 (continued)
338
C. C. Kandar