interacts with various proteins involved in DNA repair mechanisms destabilizes the
Top 1-CPT-DNA complex by interacting with the NH 2 -terminal domain of Top 1
(Park et al. 2005; Das et al. 2014).
9.5 Conclusions
CPT and its derivatives are important natural products, and are used to cure different types of cancers. CPT compound also possesses antiprotozoal, antiviral, and
insecticidal activities. Since its discovery, numerous studies were made to evaluate
its anticancer potential, which can be evidenced by the several hundreds of published research works each year. Though many plant species have been documented
to produce CPT, its basic accretion configurations have been recognized in detail
only in C. acuminata and N. nimmoniana. Several endophytic microbes have been
identified from CPT-producing plant species, and they have shown to synthesize
CPT, however, in small quantities. Semisynthetic CPTs like topotecan and
irinotecan exhibit strong anticancer effects, and hence are widely used in cancer
therapy. Likewise, several other medicine leads are being established, and some of
them are being investigated for anticancer activities. However, many of them are
yet to pass through clinical trials. Effective drug delivery, biological stability, and
low toxicity of CPTs are some of the areas, which have to be investigated in detail.
As research studies are actively involved in these areas, success can be expected in
the coming days. Importantly, effective delivery of CPTs via new formulations
involving nanotechnology is also being investigated in the present time. Due to
higher demand and complexity of chemosynthesis of CPTs have prompted to look
into simple and sustainable approaches of its production in large-scale. In this
regard, biotechnological approaches, involving plant cell culture, endophytic
microbial fermentation processes/techniques are more productive. CPTs production
in heterologous systems/organisms and the use of metabolic engineering approaches can be very useful. Hence, future research should focus more on these aspects
to fulfill the ever-growing demand for treating different types of cancers throughout
the world.
References
Adams VR, Burke TG (eds) (2005) In: Camptothecins in cancer therapy. Humana Press
Akhtar MS, Swamy MK (2018a) Anticancer plants: properties and application. Springer,
Singapore
Akhtar MS, Swamy MK (eds) (2018b) Anticancer plants: properties and application. Springer
International, Singapore
Amin SA, Adhikari N, Jha T, Gayen S (2018) A review on camptothecin analogs with promising
cytotoxic profile. Anti-Cancer Agents in Med Chem (Formerly Current Medicinal
Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents)18(13):1796–814
322
M. K. Swamy et al.
Top 1-CPT-DNA complex by interacting with the NH 2 -terminal domain of Top 1
(Park et al. 2005; Das et al. 2014).
9.5 Conclusions
CPT and its derivatives are important natural products, and are used to cure different types of cancers. CPT compound also possesses antiprotozoal, antiviral, and
insecticidal activities. Since its discovery, numerous studies were made to evaluate
its anticancer potential, which can be evidenced by the several hundreds of published research works each year. Though many plant species have been documented
to produce CPT, its basic accretion configurations have been recognized in detail
only in C. acuminata and N. nimmoniana. Several endophytic microbes have been
identified from CPT-producing plant species, and they have shown to synthesize
CPT, however, in small quantities. Semisynthetic CPTs like topotecan and
irinotecan exhibit strong anticancer effects, and hence are widely used in cancer
therapy. Likewise, several other medicine leads are being established, and some of
them are being investigated for anticancer activities. However, many of them are
yet to pass through clinical trials. Effective drug delivery, biological stability, and
low toxicity of CPTs are some of the areas, which have to be investigated in detail.
As research studies are actively involved in these areas, success can be expected in
the coming days. Importantly, effective delivery of CPTs via new formulations
involving nanotechnology is also being investigated in the present time. Due to
higher demand and complexity of chemosynthesis of CPTs have prompted to look
into simple and sustainable approaches of its production in large-scale. In this
regard, biotechnological approaches, involving plant cell culture, endophytic
microbial fermentation processes/techniques are more productive. CPTs production
in heterologous systems/organisms and the use of metabolic engineering approaches can be very useful. Hence, future research should focus more on these aspects
to fulfill the ever-growing demand for treating different types of cancers throughout
the world.
References
Adams VR, Burke TG (eds) (2005) In: Camptothecins in cancer therapy. Humana Press
Akhtar MS, Swamy MK (2018a) Anticancer plants: properties and application. Springer,
Singapore
Akhtar MS, Swamy MK (eds) (2018b) Anticancer plants: properties and application. Springer
International, Singapore
Amin SA, Adhikari N, Jha T, Gayen S (2018) A review on camptothecin analogs with promising
cytotoxic profile. Anti-Cancer Agents in Med Chem (Formerly Current Medicinal
Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents)18(13):1796–814
322
M. K. Swamy et al.