vi. Bioconversions: Biotransformation process using microorganisms was
very important for the production of several compounds e.g. vinegar,
sorbose, steroid hormones and certain amino acids. In this process,
microorganisms were responsible for the conversion of a compound to
another structurally related product in one or a few enzymatic reactions.
The bioconversions can be performed with resting cells, spores or even
killed cells. Non-growing cells were preferred for bioconversions due to its
high substrate concentration (Pal et al. 2019e).
1.3 Elicitor and Its Type
Elicitors are the substances which under stress conditions induce the biosynthesis of
secondary metabolites of plants. So elicitation is the process to create stress on the
plant, which relates with the chemical composition and growth of the plant. The
process of elicitation mainly increase the growth of the plant and its metabolites.
Elicitors are two types such as abiotic and biotic elicitor. Abiotic elicitors are
obtained from non-living source. Abiotic elicitors are mainly three types such as:
physical, chemical and hormonal abiotic elicitors. Biotic elicitors are obtained from
biological source and it has four types such as: saccharides, yeast, fungal and
bacterial biotic elicitors (Fig. 1.1).
Fig. 1.1 Elicitor and its types
1 Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant …
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