18.4 Enhancing the Elasticity and Electrical Conductivity
of Natural Biomaterials for CTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
18.5 Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Natural Polymers
for CTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
18.6 Natural Biomaterials as Coating Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
18.7 Types of Scaffolds for CTE from Natural
Biomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
18.7.1 Fibrous Scaffolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
18.7.2 Porous Scaffolds/sponges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
18.7.3 Hydrogels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
18.7.4 Bio-Fabricated/Micro-Fabricated Scaffolds . . . . . . . . 633
18.8 Conclusion and Future Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
19 The Importance of Natural Products in Cosmetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Nagarjuna Reddy Desam and Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab
19.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
19.2 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
19.3 From Past to Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
19.4 Source of Natural Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
19.5 Extraction and Isolation of Natural Products
or Essential Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
19.6 Plants-Derived Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
19.6.1 Manufacture of Plant-Derived Cosmetics
and Cosmeceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
19.6.2 Substances of Plant-Based Cosmetics
and Cosmeceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
19.7 Applications of Natural Products in Cosmetics . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
19.7.1 Natural Products as Skin Care Agents . . . . . . . . . . . 662
19.7.2 Natural Products as Hair Care Agents . . . . . . . . . . . 667
19.7.3 Essential Oils Used as Cosmetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
19.8 New Trends in Cosmetics (Plant Origin of By-Products) . . . . . 672
19.8.1 By-Products from Citrus Fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
19.8.2 By-Products from Tomato and Olive . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
19.8.3 By-Products Processing from Coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
19.9 Future Prospects and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
20 Encapsulation of Bioactive Compound and Its Therapeutic
Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
Lalduhsanga Pachuau, Laldinchhana, Probin Kumar Roy,
James H. Zothantluanga, Supratim Ray, and Sanjib Das
20.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
20.2 Rationale for Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds . . . . . . . 690
Contents
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