9.6.2
PSO for Flexible Router Placement................................ 281

9.6.2.1
Particle Structure and Fitness Function ..... 282

9.6.2.2
Local and Global Bests .................................. 282

9.6.2.3
Evolution of Generation ................................ 283

9.6.2.4
Swap Operator................................................ 283

9.6.2.5
Swap Sequence ............................................... 283

9.7 Summary............................................................................................284

References .....................................................................................................284

10. Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip Design ............................................ 289

10.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 289

10.2 Literature Review............................................................................ 290

10.3 Local Reconfiguration Approach.................................................. 291

10.3.1 Routers............................................................................... 292

10.3.2 Multiplexers ...................................................................... 293

10.3.3 Selection Logic.................................................................. 294

10.3.4 Area Overhead ................................................................. 294

10.3.5 Design Flow ...................................................................... 296

10.3.5.1 Construction of CCG ..................................... 298

10.3.5.2 Mapping of CCG ............................................ 299

10.3.5.3 Configuration Generation............................. 299

10.3.6 ILP-Based Approach........................................................ 299

10.3.6.1 Parameters and Variables .............................300

10.3.6.2 Objective Function.........................................300

10.3.6.3 Constraints......................................................300

10.3.7 PSO Formulation.............................................................. 301

10.3.7.1 Particle Formulation and Fitness Function ... 302

10.3.8 Iterative Reconfiguration ................................................ 303

10.4 Topology Reconfiguration .............................................................304

10.4.1 Modification around Routers .........................................305

10.4.2 Reconfiguration Architecture ........................................306

10.4.2.1 Application Mapping .................................... 307

10.4.2.2 Core-to-Network Mapping...........................309

10.4.2.3 Topology and Route Generation.................. 310

10.5 Link Reconfiguration...................................................................... 311

10.5.1 Estimating Channel Bandwidth Utilization ................ 311

10.6 Summary.......................................................................................... 312

References ..................................................................................................... 314

11. Three-Dimensional Integration of Network-on-Chip........................ 317

11.1
Introduction ..................................................................................... 317

11.2
3D Integration: Pros and Cons ...................................................... 318

11.2.1 Opportunities of 3D Integration.................................... 319

11.2.2 Challenges of 3D Integration ......................................... 321

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Contents