Optimization of MAPbI 3 Film Using
Response Surface Methodology
for Enhancement in Photovoltaic
Performance
Nitu Kumari, Sanjaykumar R. Patel and Jignasa V. Gohel
Abstract In the present study, optimization of process parameters for the deposition of methylamine lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 or MAPbI 3 ) film is focus upon using
parametric study and response surface methodology (RSM), respectively. The independent parameters to be optimized are PbI 2 :CH 3 NH 3 I ratio (1:2–1:4); spin speed
(2000–3000 rpm); and annealing temperature (60–100 °C). The dependent parameter considered in this study is power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite
solar cell (PSC) fabricated using MAPbI 3 layer. The value of the device efficiency
at parametric optimum condition was 7.30%. Furthermore, to achieve specific optimum condition, RSM was applied to estimate the impact of deposition parameters
on device efficiency. The predicted value of the PCE of PSC at optimum condition
using RSM was 8.52%. The improvement of 16.7% in efficiency of the device can
be clearly observed after the application of RSM.
Keywords MAPbI 3 perovskite · Response surface methodology · Spin coating ·
Perovskite solar cell · Power conversion efficiency
1 Introduction
Low cost and excellent performance of solar cells based on MAPbI 3 /FAPbI 3 make it
a significant breakthrough in the field of photovoltaic (Lina et al. 2019). The major
role of the perovskite layer is to absorb photons and generation of electron–hole pairs
in solar cells (Zhang et al. 2019). The PCE of PSC has been quickly enhanced with the
improvement of film qualities, and modification in device structure (Kumari et al.
2018). Miyasaka et al. 2009 have synthesized first organometal halide (MAPbI 3 )
solar cell and achieved PCE of 3.9% (Kojima et al. 2009). After that, through careful
strategy and using new material designs for PSC (Noh et al. 2019; Xie et al. 2019;
Wang et al. 2018), PSCs have reached certified PCE up to 23.2% (Jeon et al. 2018).
The PCE of PSCs depends on the quality of each and every layer associated with the
N. Kumari · S. R. Patel · J. V. Gohel (B)
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat
395007, Gujarat, India
e-mail: sjn@ched.svnit.ac.in
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Ledwani and J. S. Sangwai (eds.), Nanotechnology for Energy and Environmental
Engineering, Green Energy and Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33774-2_17
395
Response Surface Methodology
for Enhancement in Photovoltaic
Performance
Nitu Kumari, Sanjaykumar R. Patel and Jignasa V. Gohel
Abstract In the present study, optimization of process parameters for the deposition of methylamine lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 or MAPbI 3 ) film is focus upon using
parametric study and response surface methodology (RSM), respectively. The independent parameters to be optimized are PbI 2 :CH 3 NH 3 I ratio (1:2–1:4); spin speed
(2000–3000 rpm); and annealing temperature (60–100 °C). The dependent parameter considered in this study is power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite
solar cell (PSC) fabricated using MAPbI 3 layer. The value of the device efficiency
at parametric optimum condition was 7.30%. Furthermore, to achieve specific optimum condition, RSM was applied to estimate the impact of deposition parameters
on device efficiency. The predicted value of the PCE of PSC at optimum condition
using RSM was 8.52%. The improvement of 16.7% in efficiency of the device can
be clearly observed after the application of RSM.
Keywords MAPbI 3 perovskite · Response surface methodology · Spin coating ·
Perovskite solar cell · Power conversion efficiency
1 Introduction
Low cost and excellent performance of solar cells based on MAPbI 3 /FAPbI 3 make it
a significant breakthrough in the field of photovoltaic (Lina et al. 2019). The major
role of the perovskite layer is to absorb photons and generation of electron–hole pairs
in solar cells (Zhang et al. 2019). The PCE of PSC has been quickly enhanced with the
improvement of film qualities, and modification in device structure (Kumari et al.
2018). Miyasaka et al. 2009 have synthesized first organometal halide (MAPbI 3 )
solar cell and achieved PCE of 3.9% (Kojima et al. 2009). After that, through careful
strategy and using new material designs for PSC (Noh et al. 2019; Xie et al. 2019;
Wang et al. 2018), PSCs have reached certified PCE up to 23.2% (Jeon et al. 2018).
The PCE of PSCs depends on the quality of each and every layer associated with the
N. Kumari · S. R. Patel · J. V. Gohel (B)
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat
395007, Gujarat, India
e-mail: sjn@ched.svnit.ac.in
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Ledwani and J. S. Sangwai (eds.), Nanotechnology for Energy and Environmental
Engineering, Green Energy and Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33774-2_17
395