Interaction of Nanoparticles with Reservoir Fluids and Rocks …
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2.2.2 Metal Nanoparticles
Metal nanoparticles are obtained by further dividing microscale particles of pure
metal such as Au, Ag, Zn, and Fe, or their metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and a metal
sulfide, etc. Nanoparticles of the alkali and noble metals, i.e., gold, zinc, and copper
have a broad absorption band in the visible region of the electromagnetic solar spectrum. Due to their excellent optical properties, metal nanoparticles find applications
in many research fields. Coating of gold nanoparticles is extensively used for making
the sample ready for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, to enhance the
electronic stream, which helps in obtaining high-quality SEM images. Magnetite
(Fe 3 O 4 ) is mostly used in the field of biomedical applications. To achieve the highresolution images during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) test, magnetite is also
utilized (Mody et al. 2010).
2.2.3 Ceramic Nanoparticles
These nanoparticles are nonmetallic inorganic solid substances synthesized through
successive heating and cooling. They are an oxide, carbide, and phosphate of a metalloid. Ceramic nanoparticles are amorphous; hence, they have excellent porosity and
can be sized as per requirement. Mostly ceramic nanoparticles are used in applications such as catalysis, photocatalysis, degradation of dye, and imaging application
(Thomas et al. 2015).
2.2.4 Polymeric Nanoparticles
Polymeric nanoparticles are generally prepared by polymerization of a monomer
such as an alkyl cyanoacrylate. They are mostly biodegradable, biocompatible, and
hence their application in various fields is increasing. They prove themselves as an
excellent carrier for control delivery of drugs. Polymeric nanoparticles also possess
good surface modification character. They are mostly nanospheres or nanocapsules
shaped (Ealias and Saravanakumar 2017). They are a suitable adsorbent for protein
adsorbate.
303
2.2.2 Metal Nanoparticles
Metal nanoparticles are obtained by further dividing microscale particles of pure
metal such as Au, Ag, Zn, and Fe, or their metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and a metal
sulfide, etc. Nanoparticles of the alkali and noble metals, i.e., gold, zinc, and copper
have a broad absorption band in the visible region of the electromagnetic solar spectrum. Due to their excellent optical properties, metal nanoparticles find applications
in many research fields. Coating of gold nanoparticles is extensively used for making
the sample ready for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, to enhance the
electronic stream, which helps in obtaining high-quality SEM images. Magnetite
(Fe 3 O 4 ) is mostly used in the field of biomedical applications. To achieve the highresolution images during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) test, magnetite is also
utilized (Mody et al. 2010).
2.2.3 Ceramic Nanoparticles
These nanoparticles are nonmetallic inorganic solid substances synthesized through
successive heating and cooling. They are an oxide, carbide, and phosphate of a metalloid. Ceramic nanoparticles are amorphous; hence, they have excellent porosity and
can be sized as per requirement. Mostly ceramic nanoparticles are used in applications such as catalysis, photocatalysis, degradation of dye, and imaging application
(Thomas et al. 2015).
2.2.4 Polymeric Nanoparticles
Polymeric nanoparticles are generally prepared by polymerization of a monomer
such as an alkyl cyanoacrylate. They are mostly biodegradable, biocompatible, and
hence their application in various fields is increasing. They prove themselves as an
excellent carrier for control delivery of drugs. Polymeric nanoparticles also possess
good surface modification character. They are mostly nanospheres or nanocapsules
shaped (Ealias and Saravanakumar 2017). They are a suitable adsorbent for protein
adsorbate.