Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Energy Generation …
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monometallic electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications. In the literature numbers
of attempts have been made to synthesize the Pt-based catalyst including the sol–
gel method, reduction method. However, the wide distribution of particles is one of
the challenges for the electrocatalyst to make uniform distribution onto the support
materials. It is interesting to know that the sonochemical synthesis method makes
the catalyst synthesis very small in size and with uniform distribution of the catalyst.
In this work, an attempt was made to synthesize to make a functional electrocatalyst
for better electrochemical conversion (Bang and Suslick 2010; Kaltsa et al. 2014;
Valh et al. 2017).
5.1 Synthesis of the Support and Catalyst Preparation
for PEM Fuel Cell
For the preparation of the support, additional aniline was polymerized using
the oxidative polymerization system. The polymerization was carried out using
ultrasound-assisted miniemulsion polymerization so that the uniform droplet size
and uniform conductivity of the polymer particle will be maintained. Sonication was
carried using the probe type ultrasound and it was conducted for less than 30 minutes.
During the formation of the conducting polymer the ultrasound makes the deposit
onto the conducting support. It is also carried out the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles such as Platinum–cobalt and Platinum–cobalt/C and Platinum–cobalt/PANI.
During the synthesis K 2 PtCl 6 —and cobalt nitrate was used as precursors and it was
reduced using the sodium borohydride. The Membrane electrolyte assembly was
prepared using the commercial carbon black powder and using the PANI using the
electrocatalyst (Rajesh Kumar et al. 2017, 2018a, b).
From the XRD analysis, it has been found that the Platinum–cobalt/C and Platinum–cobalt/C-PANI nanoparticles as 15.75, 9.61 nm with major peak at 39.89°.
Further as shown in from TEM images the particle size of the C/PANI support is
less than the conventional system. The size of the catalyst is below 20 nm (as shown
in Fig. 9) while the size of Pt-Co—Cabon/PANI support is below 50 nm (Rajesh
Kumar et al. 2017; Skorb and Andreeva 2013).
Cyclic voltammetry curve of the Platinum–cobalt/C-PANI cathode electrode is
shown in Fig. 10. Electrochemical Scanning depicts the oxidation current increase
in forward sweep while reduction current decreases in reverse sweep.
Characteristic peak corresponding to the PANI in the figure predicts that PANI
conversion occurs to emeraldine phase during the forward sweep. The maximum
current density was achieved by the Platinum–cobalt/C-PANI electrocatalysts was
2.32 mA/cm
2 at 1.00 V during the forward scan (Yaldagard et al. 2014; Zhou et al.
2010).
Cycle time of synthesized electrocatalyst was to check the stability using cyclic
voltammetry (CV) analysis. It is sound that the synthesized catalyst Pt 83 -Co 17 /C has
225
monometallic electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications. In the literature numbers
of attempts have been made to synthesize the Pt-based catalyst including the sol–
gel method, reduction method. However, the wide distribution of particles is one of
the challenges for the electrocatalyst to make uniform distribution onto the support
materials. It is interesting to know that the sonochemical synthesis method makes
the catalyst synthesis very small in size and with uniform distribution of the catalyst.
In this work, an attempt was made to synthesize to make a functional electrocatalyst
for better electrochemical conversion (Bang and Suslick 2010; Kaltsa et al. 2014;
Valh et al. 2017).
5.1 Synthesis of the Support and Catalyst Preparation
for PEM Fuel Cell
For the preparation of the support, additional aniline was polymerized using
the oxidative polymerization system. The polymerization was carried out using
ultrasound-assisted miniemulsion polymerization so that the uniform droplet size
and uniform conductivity of the polymer particle will be maintained. Sonication was
carried using the probe type ultrasound and it was conducted for less than 30 minutes.
During the formation of the conducting polymer the ultrasound makes the deposit
onto the conducting support. It is also carried out the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles such as Platinum–cobalt and Platinum–cobalt/C and Platinum–cobalt/PANI.
During the synthesis K 2 PtCl 6 —and cobalt nitrate was used as precursors and it was
reduced using the sodium borohydride. The Membrane electrolyte assembly was
prepared using the commercial carbon black powder and using the PANI using the
electrocatalyst (Rajesh Kumar et al. 2017, 2018a, b).
From the XRD analysis, it has been found that the Platinum–cobalt/C and Platinum–cobalt/C-PANI nanoparticles as 15.75, 9.61 nm with major peak at 39.89°.
Further as shown in from TEM images the particle size of the C/PANI support is
less than the conventional system. The size of the catalyst is below 20 nm (as shown
in Fig. 9) while the size of Pt-Co—Cabon/PANI support is below 50 nm (Rajesh
Kumar et al. 2017; Skorb and Andreeva 2013).
Cyclic voltammetry curve of the Platinum–cobalt/C-PANI cathode electrode is
shown in Fig. 10. Electrochemical Scanning depicts the oxidation current increase
in forward sweep while reduction current decreases in reverse sweep.
Characteristic peak corresponding to the PANI in the figure predicts that PANI
conversion occurs to emeraldine phase during the forward sweep. The maximum
current density was achieved by the Platinum–cobalt/C-PANI electrocatalysts was
2.32 mA/cm
2 at 1.00 V during the forward scan (Yaldagard et al. 2014; Zhou et al.
2010).
Cycle time of synthesized electrocatalyst was to check the stability using cyclic
voltammetry (CV) analysis. It is sound that the synthesized catalyst Pt 83 -Co 17 /C has