Contents
xv
12.2.5
Nonlinearity and Differential Nonlinearity
478
12.2.6
Monotonocity
478
12.3
Types of D/A Converter
479
12.3.1
Multiplying D/A Converters
479
12.3.2
Bipolar-Output D/A Converters
480
12.3.3
Companding D/A Converters
480
12.4
Modes of Operation
480
12.4.1
Current Steering Mode of Operation
480
12.4.2
Voltage Switching Mode of Operation
481
12.5
BCD-Input D/A Converter
482
12.6
Integrated Circuit D/A Converters
486
12.6.1
DAC-08
486
12.6.2
DAC-0808
487
12.6.3
DAC-80
487
12.6.4
AD 7524
489
12.6.5
DAC-1408/DAC-1508
489
12.7
D/A Converter Applications
490
12.7.1
D/A Converter as a Multiplier
490
12.7.2
D/A converter as a Divider
490
12.7.3
Programmable Integrator
491
12.7.4
Low-Frequency Function Generator
492
12.7.5
Digitally Controlled Filters
493
12.8
A/D Converters
495
12.9
A/D Converter Specifications
495
12.9.1
Resolution
495
12.9.2
Accuracy
496
12.9.3
Gain and Offset Errors
496
12.9.4
Gain and Offset Drifts
496
12.9.5
Sampling Frequency and Aliasing Phenomenon
496
12.9.6
Quantization Error
496
12.9.7
Nonlinearity
497
12.9.8
Differential Nonlinearity
497
12.9.9
Conversion Time
498
12.9.10 Aperture and Acquisition Times
498
12.9.11 Code Width
499
12.10 A/D Converter Terminology
499
12.10.1 Unipolar Mode Operation
499
12.10.2 Bipolar Mode Operation
499
12.10.3 Coding
499
12.10.4 Low Byte and High Byte
499
12.10.5 Right-Justified Data, Left-Justified Data
499
12.10.6 Command Register, Status Register
500
12.10.7 Control Lines
500
12.11 Types of A/D Converter
500
12.11.1 Simultaneous or Flash A/D Converters
500
12.11.2 Half-Flash A/D Converter
503
12.11.3 Counter-Type A/D Converter
504
12.11.4 Tracking-Type A/D Converter
505