7.2.1 Water Availability and Water Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
7.2.2 Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
7.2.3 Hydromorphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
7.3 European Water Future: The Impacts of the Anthropocene . . . . 76
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8 Transboundary Water Governance in the European Union . . . . . . 79
8.1 A Distinct European Model of Transboundary Water
Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.1.1 Drivers of Water Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.1.2 Normative Features of Transboundary Water
Governance in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
8.2 International Water Law in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.2.1 Evolution of International Water Law in the European
Continent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.2.2 The UNECE Water Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
8.2.3 Basin Treaties Within the European Union . . . . . . . . . 87
8.2.4 Bilateral Cooperation Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
8.3 The Water Law and Policy of the European Union . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.3.1 The Broader Context: EU Environmental Law
and Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.3.2 The Evolution of EU Water Law and Policy . . . . . . . . 96
8.3.3 Overview of Contemporary EU Water Law
and Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
8.3.4 Transboundary Cooperation Under EU Water Law
and Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
8.3.5 Institutional Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
8.3.6 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
8.4 The Interplay Among the Various Layers of European
Transboundary Water Governance: Cross-Fertilisation
or Cannibalisation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Part III The Resilience of Transboundary Water Governance in the
European Union: A Critical Assessment
9 Why, What, How?—The Assessment Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9.1 The Need for an Assessment of the Stability of Co-riparian
Relations in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9.2 The Subject of Assessment: Hydropolitical Resilience
and Vulnerability in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
9.2.1 Hydropolitical Resilience and Vulnerability
Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
9.2.2 The Indicators Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Contents
ix
7.2.2 Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
7.2.3 Hydromorphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
7.3 European Water Future: The Impacts of the Anthropocene . . . . 76
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8 Transboundary Water Governance in the European Union . . . . . . 79
8.1 A Distinct European Model of Transboundary Water
Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.1.1 Drivers of Water Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.1.2 Normative Features of Transboundary Water
Governance in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
8.2 International Water Law in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.2.1 Evolution of International Water Law in the European
Continent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.2.2 The UNECE Water Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
8.2.3 Basin Treaties Within the European Union . . . . . . . . . 87
8.2.4 Bilateral Cooperation Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
8.3 The Water Law and Policy of the European Union . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.3.1 The Broader Context: EU Environmental Law
and Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
8.3.2 The Evolution of EU Water Law and Policy . . . . . . . . 96
8.3.3 Overview of Contemporary EU Water Law
and Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
8.3.4 Transboundary Cooperation Under EU Water Law
and Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
8.3.5 Institutional Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
8.3.6 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
8.4 The Interplay Among the Various Layers of European
Transboundary Water Governance: Cross-Fertilisation
or Cannibalisation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Part III The Resilience of Transboundary Water Governance in the
European Union: A Critical Assessment
9 Why, What, How?—The Assessment Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9.1 The Need for an Assessment of the Stability of Co-riparian
Relations in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9.2 The Subject of Assessment: Hydropolitical Resilience
and Vulnerability in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
9.2.1 Hydropolitical Resilience and Vulnerability
Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
9.2.2 The Indicators Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Contents
ix