References 485
Wiens, D. A., and S. Stein (1983) Age dependence of oceanic intraplate
seismicity and implications for lithospheric evolution, J. Geophys. Res.,
88, 6455–68.
Wiens, D. A., and S. Stein (1984) Intraplate seismicity and stresses in young
oceanic lithosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 11,442–64.
Wiens, D. A., and S. Stein (1985) Implications of oceanic intraplate seismicity
for plate stresses, driving forces and rheology, Tectonophysics, 116, 143–
62.
Wiens, D. A., et al. (1985) A diffuse plate boundary model for Indian Ocean
tectonics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 429–32.
Wiggins, R. A. (1972) The general linear inverse problem: Implication of
surface waves and free oscillations for Earth structure, Rev. Geophys.
Space Phys., 10, 251–85.
Wilson, J. T. (1976) Continents Adrift and Continental Aground,
W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Wong, J., N. Bregman, G. West, and P. Hurley (1987) Cross-hole seismic
scanning and tomography, Leading Edge, 6, 36–41.
Wood, B. J., and D. G. Fraser (1977) Elementary Thermodynamics for
Geologists, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Woodhouse, J. H., and A. M. Dziewonski (1984) Mapping the upper
mantle: Three dimensional modeling of Earth structure by inversion of
seismic waveforms, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5953–86.
Woods, M. T., and E. A. Okal (1987) Effect of variable bathymetry on the
amplitude of teleseismic tsunamis: A ray-tracing experiment, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 14, 765–8.
Wyllie, P. J. (1971) The Dynamic Earth: textbook in geosciences, John Wiley,
New York.
Wysession, M. E. (1996a) Imaging cold rock at the base of slabs: The
sometimes fate of slabs?, in G. E. Bebout, D. W. Scholl, S. H. Kirby, and
J. P. Platt (eds), Subduction: top to bottom, Am. Geophys. Un., Washington, DC, pp. 369–84.
Wysession, M. E. (1996b) Large-scale structure at the core–mantle boundary from core-diffracted waves, Nature, 382, 244–8.
Wysession, M. E., and P. J. Shore (1994) Visualization of whole mantle
propagation of seismic shear energy using normal mode summation, Pure
Appl. Geophys., 142, 295–310.
Wysession, M. E., J. Wilson, L. Bartko, and R. Sakata (1995) Intraplate
seismicity in the Atlantic Ocean basin: A teleseismic catalog, Bull. Seism.
Soc. Am., 85, 755–74.
Wysession, M. E., B. C. Hicks, D. A. Wiens, and P. J. Shore (1996) Determining the frequency–magnitude–depth relations of seismicity in the Tonga
subduction zone. Seism. Res. Lett., 67, 62.
Wysession, M. E., T. Lay, J. Revenaugh, Q. Williams, E. J. Garnero,
R. Jeanloz, and L. H. Kellogg (1998) Implications of the D″ discontinuity,
in M. Gurnis, M. E. Wysession, E. Knittle, and B. Buffett (eds), The
Core–Mantle Boundary Region, Am. Geophys. Un., Washington, DC,
pp. 273–97.
Wyss, M., and R. Koyanagi (1992) Seismic gaps in Hawaii, Bull. Seism. Soc.
Am., 82, 1373–87.
Wyss, M., R. K. Aceves, and S. K. Park (1997) Cannot earthquakes be
predicted?, Science, 278, 487–90.
Yeats, R. S., K. Sieh, and C. R. Allen (1997) The Geology of Earthquakes,
Oxford University Press, New York.
Yilmaz, O. (1987) Seismic Data Processing, Society of Exploration
Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK.
Young, C. J., and T. Lay (1990) Multiple phase analysis of the shear velocity structure in the D″ region beneath Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 95,
17,385–402.
Young, G. B., and L. W. Braile (1976) A computer program for the application of Zoeppritz’s amplitude equations and Knott’s energy equations,
Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 66, 1881–6.
Youngs, R. R., and K. J. Coppersmith (1985) Implications of fault slip rates
and earthquake recurrence models to probabilistic seismic hazard estimates, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 75, 939–64.
Yu, G.-K., and B. Mitchell (1979) Regionalized shear velocity models of the
Pacific upper mantle from observed Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion,
Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 57, 311–42.
Zhao, L., T. Jordan, and C. Chapman (2000) Three-dimensional Frechet
differential kernels for seismic delay times, Geophys. J. Int., 141, 558–76.
Zoback, M. L. (1992) First and second order patterns of stress in the
lithosphere: The world stress map project, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11,703–
2104.
Wiens, D. A., and S. Stein (1983) Age dependence of oceanic intraplate
seismicity and implications for lithospheric evolution, J. Geophys. Res.,
88, 6455–68.
Wiens, D. A., and S. Stein (1984) Intraplate seismicity and stresses in young
oceanic lithosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 11,442–64.
Wiens, D. A., and S. Stein (1985) Implications of oceanic intraplate seismicity
for plate stresses, driving forces and rheology, Tectonophysics, 116, 143–
62.
Wiens, D. A., et al. (1985) A diffuse plate boundary model for Indian Ocean
tectonics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 429–32.
Wiggins, R. A. (1972) The general linear inverse problem: Implication of
surface waves and free oscillations for Earth structure, Rev. Geophys.
Space Phys., 10, 251–85.
Wilson, J. T. (1976) Continents Adrift and Continental Aground,
W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Wong, J., N. Bregman, G. West, and P. Hurley (1987) Cross-hole seismic
scanning and tomography, Leading Edge, 6, 36–41.
Wood, B. J., and D. G. Fraser (1977) Elementary Thermodynamics for
Geologists, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Woodhouse, J. H., and A. M. Dziewonski (1984) Mapping the upper
mantle: Three dimensional modeling of Earth structure by inversion of
seismic waveforms, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5953–86.
Woods, M. T., and E. A. Okal (1987) Effect of variable bathymetry on the
amplitude of teleseismic tsunamis: A ray-tracing experiment, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 14, 765–8.
Wyllie, P. J. (1971) The Dynamic Earth: textbook in geosciences, John Wiley,
New York.
Wysession, M. E. (1996a) Imaging cold rock at the base of slabs: The
sometimes fate of slabs?, in G. E. Bebout, D. W. Scholl, S. H. Kirby, and
J. P. Platt (eds), Subduction: top to bottom, Am. Geophys. Un., Washington, DC, pp. 369–84.
Wysession, M. E. (1996b) Large-scale structure at the core–mantle boundary from core-diffracted waves, Nature, 382, 244–8.
Wysession, M. E., and P. J. Shore (1994) Visualization of whole mantle
propagation of seismic shear energy using normal mode summation, Pure
Appl. Geophys., 142, 295–310.
Wysession, M. E., J. Wilson, L. Bartko, and R. Sakata (1995) Intraplate
seismicity in the Atlantic Ocean basin: A teleseismic catalog, Bull. Seism.
Soc. Am., 85, 755–74.
Wysession, M. E., B. C. Hicks, D. A. Wiens, and P. J. Shore (1996) Determining the frequency–magnitude–depth relations of seismicity in the Tonga
subduction zone. Seism. Res. Lett., 67, 62.
Wysession, M. E., T. Lay, J. Revenaugh, Q. Williams, E. J. Garnero,
R. Jeanloz, and L. H. Kellogg (1998) Implications of the D″ discontinuity,
in M. Gurnis, M. E. Wysession, E. Knittle, and B. Buffett (eds), The
Core–Mantle Boundary Region, Am. Geophys. Un., Washington, DC,
pp. 273–97.
Wyss, M., and R. Koyanagi (1992) Seismic gaps in Hawaii, Bull. Seism. Soc.
Am., 82, 1373–87.
Wyss, M., R. K. Aceves, and S. K. Park (1997) Cannot earthquakes be
predicted?, Science, 278, 487–90.
Yeats, R. S., K. Sieh, and C. R. Allen (1997) The Geology of Earthquakes,
Oxford University Press, New York.
Yilmaz, O. (1987) Seismic Data Processing, Society of Exploration
Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK.
Young, C. J., and T. Lay (1990) Multiple phase analysis of the shear velocity structure in the D″ region beneath Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 95,
17,385–402.
Young, G. B., and L. W. Braile (1976) A computer program for the application of Zoeppritz’s amplitude equations and Knott’s energy equations,
Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 66, 1881–6.
Youngs, R. R., and K. J. Coppersmith (1985) Implications of fault slip rates
and earthquake recurrence models to probabilistic seismic hazard estimates, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 75, 939–64.
Yu, G.-K., and B. Mitchell (1979) Regionalized shear velocity models of the
Pacific upper mantle from observed Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion,
Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 57, 311–42.
Zhao, L., T. Jordan, and C. Chapman (2000) Three-dimensional Frechet
differential kernels for seismic delay times, Geophys. J. Int., 141, 558–76.
Zoback, M. L. (1992) First and second order patterns of stress in the
lithosphere: The world stress map project, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11,703–
2104.