52
P. Lazo et al.
b.
a.
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
MAPE 30.6433
MAD
1.5871
MSD
5.1946
Accuracy Measures
Index
Cu
Actual
Fits
Variable
Spatial Analysis Plot for Cu
Linear Trend Model
Cu = 5.171 + 0.036×n
Fig. 4.1 Spatial analysis plot of Cu (a), the sketch map of Cu mineralized areas (AEA-Albania
2011) (b)
probable emitting source should be the wind blowing dust from the industrial waste
deposits and sulfide mineral dumps (Lazo et al. 2018). Finally, the presence of Cu
content in moss is probably derived from long-range atmospheric transport and by
local inputs of air pollution from industry, mining activity, geogenic factors and crude
oil industry. The differences observed among different areas (Fig. 4.1) may indicate
the effects of additional local factors. Higher concentrations of Cu were found in
sampling sites 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 24, 27, 35, 39, 40, 41 and 44 that are probably
affected by soil geochemistry, mining activity, iron metallurgy and kiln operations
in cement plants. The highest Cu content was found in St. 14 (Miloti region) that
is probably affected by the geogenic factors and the traffic emission, and in St. 30
(Mirdita region) that is rich in Cu sulfide minerals (Milushi 2015). The next hight
Cu content was found in moss samples in St. 24 (Elbasan region) that is probably
affected by the emissions from iron and steel metallurgy, cement plant and traffic of
the area. The emissions of trace metals during various human activities, mostly as
fine particles, are assumed to be the cause of the increase of the metals concentrations
(Pacyna and Pacyna 2001).
Cu showed strong and significant correlations with Zn and Mg (r = 0.82 and 0.64
respectively, p = 0.000) and moderate and significant correlations (r = 0.4 − 0.6, p
< 0.05) with Pb, Cd, Sb, Hg, Mo and Ni by indicating similar sources with Zn and
Mg, and partly with Pb, Cd, Sb, Hg, Mo and Ni. The association of Cu with this
group of elements (except Ni and Zn) is far from the group of elements Fe, Co, Ag,
Ni and Zn that shows strong geochemical similarity with Cu. On the other hand, as
a calcophile element, the association of Cu with other calcophile elements (Pb, Cd,
Sb, Hg, Mo and Ni) is probably derived by the presence of chalcophile elements in
sulfide minerals in the north part of Albania. This behaviour of Cu in moss samples
P. Lazo et al.
b.
a.
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
MAPE 30.6433
MAD
1.5871
MSD
5.1946
Accuracy Measures
Index
Cu
Actual
Fits
Variable
Spatial Analysis Plot for Cu
Linear Trend Model
Cu = 5.171 + 0.036×n
Fig. 4.1 Spatial analysis plot of Cu (a), the sketch map of Cu mineralized areas (AEA-Albania
2011) (b)
probable emitting source should be the wind blowing dust from the industrial waste
deposits and sulfide mineral dumps (Lazo et al. 2018). Finally, the presence of Cu
content in moss is probably derived from long-range atmospheric transport and by
local inputs of air pollution from industry, mining activity, geogenic factors and crude
oil industry. The differences observed among different areas (Fig. 4.1) may indicate
the effects of additional local factors. Higher concentrations of Cu were found in
sampling sites 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 24, 27, 35, 39, 40, 41 and 44 that are probably
affected by soil geochemistry, mining activity, iron metallurgy and kiln operations
in cement plants. The highest Cu content was found in St. 14 (Miloti region) that
is probably affected by the geogenic factors and the traffic emission, and in St. 30
(Mirdita region) that is rich in Cu sulfide minerals (Milushi 2015). The next hight
Cu content was found in moss samples in St. 24 (Elbasan region) that is probably
affected by the emissions from iron and steel metallurgy, cement plant and traffic of
the area. The emissions of trace metals during various human activities, mostly as
fine particles, are assumed to be the cause of the increase of the metals concentrations
(Pacyna and Pacyna 2001).
Cu showed strong and significant correlations with Zn and Mg (r = 0.82 and 0.64
respectively, p = 0.000) and moderate and significant correlations (r = 0.4 − 0.6, p
< 0.05) with Pb, Cd, Sb, Hg, Mo and Ni by indicating similar sources with Zn and
Mg, and partly with Pb, Cd, Sb, Hg, Mo and Ni. The association of Cu with this
group of elements (except Ni and Zn) is far from the group of elements Fe, Co, Ag,
Ni and Zn that shows strong geochemical similarity with Cu. On the other hand, as
a calcophile element, the association of Cu with other calcophile elements (Pb, Cd,
Sb, Hg, Mo and Ni) is probably derived by the presence of chalcophile elements in
sulfide minerals in the north part of Albania. This behaviour of Cu in moss samples