3 The Evaluation of TM Atmospheric Deposition in Albania
25
Table 3.1 (continued)
Statistical parameters Cs
Cl
Br
I
Ba
Mg
Ca
Sr
Sc
Minimum a
0.09 46
2.1
0.15 6.00
1161 4859
10.8 0.19
Maximum a
0.77 1020 10.1
7.75 39.3
5152 12433 36.9 3.09
Statistical parameters La
Ce
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Tm
Mean a
2.16 4.08 2.18 0.33 0.11 0.28 0.05 0.47 0.05
Median a
1.89 3.49 1.67 0.28 0.08 0.16 0.05 0.37 0.03
St. Deviation
1.09 2.15 1.63 0.18 0.11 0.34 0.03 0.27 0.05
CV %
50
53
75
55
103
122
56
57
95
Kurtosis
0.8
1.1
0.3
1.1
13.6 8.8
0.6
0.7
3.6
Skewness
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
3.5
2.8
1.1
1.2
1.9
Minimum a
0.62 0.85 0.49 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.01
Maximum a
4.95 9.88 6.50 0.89 0.60 1.79 0.12 1.20 0.21
Statistical parameters Yb
Lu
Th
U
Mn
Fe
Al
Si
P
Mean a
0.19 0.14 0.52 0.16 72.05 1916 1698 32346 791
Median a
0.14 0.11 0.46 0.14 58.54 1618 1523 31200 752
St. Deviation
0.12 0.17 0.27 0.09 55.85 1105 884
11021 300
CV %
65
120
51
58
78
58
52
34
38
Kurtosis
2.0
1.5
0.5
2.4
7.4
2.9
0.9
-0.4
3.3
Skewness
1.6
1.4
1.0
1.4
2.6
1.7
1.0
0.3
1.6
Minimum a
0.05 0.00 0.13 0.05 22
469
535
13200 407
Maximum a
0.55 0.66 1.21 0.49 284
5488 4448 60800 1839
a in mg kg −1 , DW
biosphere (median values in thousand tonnes t year-1 of the terrestrial plus aquatic
inputs minus atmospheric emissions) comes to about Hg < Cd < Sb ≈ V < Se < Mo
< As < Ni < Pb < Cu < Zn (Nriagu and Pacyna 1988). It is totally different with the
distribution of trace metals into moss samples of this study comes as Sb < Cd < Hg
= Se < As < Mo < Pb < V < Cu < Ni < Zn by indicating different origins of the
elements mostly from the atmospheric deposition.
3.2 The Evaluation of the Background Level of Elements
in Moss Samples
The concentrations of elements in moss do not depend only on atmospheric deposition of pollutants from local and long-range transport (Steinnes 1995). Some other
anthropogenic and natural sources such as, long-range atmospheric transport from
marine environment, leaching of elements from living or dead plant material, wind
erosion of local soil dust, the uptake from the ground during raining periods, may
25
Table 3.1 (continued)
Statistical parameters Cs
Cl
Br
I
Ba
Mg
Ca
Sr
Sc
Minimum a
0.09 46
2.1
0.15 6.00
1161 4859
10.8 0.19
Maximum a
0.77 1020 10.1
7.75 39.3
5152 12433 36.9 3.09
Statistical parameters La
Ce
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Tm
Mean a
2.16 4.08 2.18 0.33 0.11 0.28 0.05 0.47 0.05
Median a
1.89 3.49 1.67 0.28 0.08 0.16 0.05 0.37 0.03
St. Deviation
1.09 2.15 1.63 0.18 0.11 0.34 0.03 0.27 0.05
CV %
50
53
75
55
103
122
56
57
95
Kurtosis
0.8
1.1
0.3
1.1
13.6 8.8
0.6
0.7
3.6
Skewness
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
3.5
2.8
1.1
1.2
1.9
Minimum a
0.62 0.85 0.49 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.01
Maximum a
4.95 9.88 6.50 0.89 0.60 1.79 0.12 1.20 0.21
Statistical parameters Yb
Lu
Th
U
Mn
Fe
Al
Si
P
Mean a
0.19 0.14 0.52 0.16 72.05 1916 1698 32346 791
Median a
0.14 0.11 0.46 0.14 58.54 1618 1523 31200 752
St. Deviation
0.12 0.17 0.27 0.09 55.85 1105 884
11021 300
CV %
65
120
51
58
78
58
52
34
38
Kurtosis
2.0
1.5
0.5
2.4
7.4
2.9
0.9
-0.4
3.3
Skewness
1.6
1.4
1.0
1.4
2.6
1.7
1.0
0.3
1.6
Minimum a
0.05 0.00 0.13 0.05 22
469
535
13200 407
Maximum a
0.55 0.66 1.21 0.49 284
5488 4448 60800 1839
a in mg kg −1 , DW
biosphere (median values in thousand tonnes t year-1 of the terrestrial plus aquatic
inputs minus atmospheric emissions) comes to about Hg < Cd < Sb ≈ V < Se < Mo
< As < Ni < Pb < Cu < Zn (Nriagu and Pacyna 1988). It is totally different with the
distribution of trace metals into moss samples of this study comes as Sb < Cd < Hg
= Se < As < Mo < Pb < V < Cu < Ni < Zn by indicating different origins of the
elements mostly from the atmospheric deposition.
3.2 The Evaluation of the Background Level of Elements
in Moss Samples
The concentrations of elements in moss do not depend only on atmospheric deposition of pollutants from local and long-range transport (Steinnes 1995). Some other
anthropogenic and natural sources such as, long-range atmospheric transport from
marine environment, leaching of elements from living or dead plant material, wind
erosion of local soil dust, the uptake from the ground during raining periods, may