4
P. Lazo et al.
survey conducted under the framework of the UNECE ICP Vegetation Programme
(Harmens et al. 2015). The most toxic trace metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu,
Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, V) in moss samples of Albania have been reported in European
moss survey and in several publications (Qarri et al. 2013, 2014, 2015; Bekteshi
et al. 2015; Allajbeu et al. 2016, 2017; Lazo et al. 2019; Qarri et al. 2019). The
present book is focused on the assessment of air quality of Albania investigated
by the concentrations of 51 elements, their spatial distributions, and the possible
contributions from different sources and processes.
The purpose of this book was to investigate the air quality by using moss biomonitoring trace metal deposition and to assess the occurrence of relatively high concentration of specific elements that may pose high contamination and/or ecological
risk. Spatial and temporal trends of trace metals deposition in Albania by using
mosses as biomonitors and the problematic local sources of emissions were identified. The interfering statistic was applied to the concentration data of 51 elements
in moss samples to evaluate the most probable relationships between elements, their
most important sources of the origin, geochemical interpretation of the data, and
the secondary effects that yielding differences in the contents and in the distribution
patterns of the elements in moss samples. The differences in soil geochemistry of
the area from where the dust originates, leads to the differences in the contecentration and the distribution pattern of different chemicals. On the other hand, the
properties of the mineral dust particles may help to distinguish the origin from local
and/or long-distance migration of the contaminants. The discussion of the individual
elements is focused on the possible natural and anthropogenic sources in moss and
their contribution to the air pollution.
References
Allajbeu S, Yushin NS, Lazo P, Qarri F, Duliu OG, Frontasyeva MV (2016) Atmospheric deposition
of rare earth elements in Albania studied by the moss biomonitoring technique neutron activation
analysis and GIS technology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:14087–14101. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-016-6509-4
Allajbeu S, Qarri F, Marku E, Bekteshi L, Ibro V, Frontasyeva VM, Stafilov T, Lazo P (2017)
Contamination scale on atmospheric deposition for assessing air quality in Albania evaluated
from most toxic heavy metal and MB. Air Qual Atmos Health 10:587–599
Bekteshi L, Lazo P, Qarri F, Stafilov T (2015) Application of normalization process in the survey
of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Albania by using moss biomonitoring. Ecol Indic
56:48–59
Belzile N, Chen YW, Filella M (2011) Human exposure to antimony: I. Sources and intake. Crit
Rev Environ Sci Technol 41(14):1309–1373. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643381003608227
Blagnyt˙ e R, Paliulis D (2010) Research into heavy metals pollution of atmosphere applying moss
as bioindicator: a literature review. Environ Res Eng Manag 4(54):26–33
Da Silva ALO, Barrocas PRG, do Cof Jacob S, Moreira JC (2005) Dietary intake and health effects
of selected toxic elements. Braz J Plant Physiol 17(1):79–93
Dore AJ, Hallsworth S, McDonald AG, Werner M, Kryza M, Abbot J, Nemitz E, Dore CJ,
Malcolm H, Vieno M, Reis S, Fowler D (2014) Quantifying missing annual emission sources
P. Lazo et al.
survey conducted under the framework of the UNECE ICP Vegetation Programme
(Harmens et al. 2015). The most toxic trace metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu,
Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, V) in moss samples of Albania have been reported in European
moss survey and in several publications (Qarri et al. 2013, 2014, 2015; Bekteshi
et al. 2015; Allajbeu et al. 2016, 2017; Lazo et al. 2019; Qarri et al. 2019). The
present book is focused on the assessment of air quality of Albania investigated
by the concentrations of 51 elements, their spatial distributions, and the possible
contributions from different sources and processes.
The purpose of this book was to investigate the air quality by using moss biomonitoring trace metal deposition and to assess the occurrence of relatively high concentration of specific elements that may pose high contamination and/or ecological
risk. Spatial and temporal trends of trace metals deposition in Albania by using
mosses as biomonitors and the problematic local sources of emissions were identified. The interfering statistic was applied to the concentration data of 51 elements
in moss samples to evaluate the most probable relationships between elements, their
most important sources of the origin, geochemical interpretation of the data, and
the secondary effects that yielding differences in the contents and in the distribution
patterns of the elements in moss samples. The differences in soil geochemistry of
the area from where the dust originates, leads to the differences in the contecentration and the distribution pattern of different chemicals. On the other hand, the
properties of the mineral dust particles may help to distinguish the origin from local
and/or long-distance migration of the contaminants. The discussion of the individual
elements is focused on the possible natural and anthropogenic sources in moss and
their contribution to the air pollution.
References
Allajbeu S, Yushin NS, Lazo P, Qarri F, Duliu OG, Frontasyeva MV (2016) Atmospheric deposition
of rare earth elements in Albania studied by the moss biomonitoring technique neutron activation
analysis and GIS technology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:14087–14101. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-016-6509-4
Allajbeu S, Qarri F, Marku E, Bekteshi L, Ibro V, Frontasyeva VM, Stafilov T, Lazo P (2017)
Contamination scale on atmospheric deposition for assessing air quality in Albania evaluated
from most toxic heavy metal and MB. Air Qual Atmos Health 10:587–599
Bekteshi L, Lazo P, Qarri F, Stafilov T (2015) Application of normalization process in the survey
of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Albania by using moss biomonitoring. Ecol Indic
56:48–59
Belzile N, Chen YW, Filella M (2011) Human exposure to antimony: I. Sources and intake. Crit
Rev Environ Sci Technol 41(14):1309–1373. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643381003608227
Blagnyt˙ e R, Paliulis D (2010) Research into heavy metals pollution of atmosphere applying moss
as bioindicator: a literature review. Environ Res Eng Manag 4(54):26–33
Da Silva ALO, Barrocas PRG, do Cof Jacob S, Moreira JC (2005) Dietary intake and health effects
of selected toxic elements. Braz J Plant Physiol 17(1):79–93
Dore AJ, Hallsworth S, McDonald AG, Werner M, Kryza M, Abbot J, Nemitz E, Dore CJ,
Malcolm H, Vieno M, Reis S, Fowler D (2014) Quantifying missing annual emission sources