2
3.19 Ligularia caloxantha (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti
143
3.20 Ligularia przewalskii (Maximowicz) Diels
145
3.21 Ligularia sagitta (Maximowicz) Mattfeld ex Rehder & Kobuski
150
3.22 Ligularia pleurocaulis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
156
3.23 Ligularia fischeri (Ledebour) Turczaninow, Ligularia anoleuca HandelMazzetti, and Ligularia veitchiana (Hemsley) Greenman
158
3.24 Ligularia cyathiceps Handel-Mazzetti
165
3.25 Ligularia cymbulifera (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti
167
3.26 Ligularia dictyoneura (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
169
3.27 Ligularia duciformis (C. Winkler) Handel-Mazzetti, Ligularia konkalingensis
Handel-Mazzetti, Ligularia nelumbifolia (Bureau & Franchet) HandelMazzetti, and Ligularia limprichtii (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti
172
3.28 Ligularia hodgsonii J. D. Hooker
176
3.29 Ligularia lamarum (Diels) C. C. Chang and Ligularia subspicata (Bureau &
Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
179
3.30 Ligularia lankongensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
185
3.31 Ligularia latihastata (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti and Ligularia villosa
(Handel-Mazzetti) S. W. Liu
186
3.32 Ligularia villosa Handel-Mazzetti
187
3.33 Ligularia oligonema Handel-Mazzetti
189
3.34 Ligularia tongolensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
190
3.35 Ligularia tsangchanensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
191
3.36 Ligularia yunnanensis (Franchet) C. C. Chang
193
3.37 Hybrid Ligularia Species
194
3.38 Further Ligularia Species I: altaica de Candolle, L. dolichobotrys Diels,
L. franchetiana (H. Léveillé) Handel-Mazzetti, L. persica Boissier, L. speciosa
Fischer et Meyer, and L. thyrsoidea (Ledebour) de Candolle
197
3.39 Further Ligularia Species II: L. achyrotricha (Diels) Y. Ling, L. nanchuanica
S. W. Liu, L. purdomii (Turrill) Chittenden, L. odontomanes Handel-Mazzetti,
L. sibirica (Linnaeus) Cassini, and L. thomsonii (C. B. Clarke) Pojarkova
199
3.40 Further Ligularia Species III: L. angusta (Nakai) Kitamura, L. calthifolia
Maximowicz, L. fauriei (Franchet) Koidzumi, L. hiberniflorum (Makino)
Kitamura, L. kangtingensis S. W. Liu, L. lingiana S. W. Liu, L. myriocephala
Y. Ling ex S. W. Liu, L. platyglossa (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti,
and L. schmidtii (Maximowicz) Makino
201
3.41 Further Ligularia Species IV: L. brachyphylla Handel- Mazzetti (= L. latihastata), L. calthifolia (Maximowicz) Diels, L. clivorum Maximowicz (= L.
dentata), L. sachalinensis Nakai, L. tangutica (Maximowicz) Bergmans,
L. trichocephala (Maximowicz) Matsumura et Koidzumi, and L. vorobierii
Worosh
204
4 Genetic Analyses
206
5 Synthesis Aspects
209
5.1 Synthesis of Ligularol (= Petasalbin), Ligularone, and Related Compounds
210
5.2 Synthesis of Tetrahydroligularenolide Using Biogenetic Type Rearrangement
211
5.3 Synthesis of Furanoeremophilan-15,6-olide
212
5.4 Synthesis of Isopetasol
213
5.5 Synthesis of Eremophila-9,11-dien-8-one, Dehydrofukinone,
and Furanoeremophilanes
213
5.6 Synthesis of Eremoligenol and Eremophilone
214
5.7 Synthesis of Eremophiladienes
214
5.8 Synthesis of Fukinone and Related Compounds
215
5.9 Synthesis of Eremophiladiene
215
M. Tori and C. Kuroda
3.19 Ligularia caloxantha (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti
143
3.20 Ligularia przewalskii (Maximowicz) Diels
145
3.21 Ligularia sagitta (Maximowicz) Mattfeld ex Rehder & Kobuski
150
3.22 Ligularia pleurocaulis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
156
3.23 Ligularia fischeri (Ledebour) Turczaninow, Ligularia anoleuca HandelMazzetti, and Ligularia veitchiana (Hemsley) Greenman
158
3.24 Ligularia cyathiceps Handel-Mazzetti
165
3.25 Ligularia cymbulifera (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti
167
3.26 Ligularia dictyoneura (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
169
3.27 Ligularia duciformis (C. Winkler) Handel-Mazzetti, Ligularia konkalingensis
Handel-Mazzetti, Ligularia nelumbifolia (Bureau & Franchet) HandelMazzetti, and Ligularia limprichtii (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti
172
3.28 Ligularia hodgsonii J. D. Hooker
176
3.29 Ligularia lamarum (Diels) C. C. Chang and Ligularia subspicata (Bureau &
Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
179
3.30 Ligularia lankongensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
185
3.31 Ligularia latihastata (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti and Ligularia villosa
(Handel-Mazzetti) S. W. Liu
186
3.32 Ligularia villosa Handel-Mazzetti
187
3.33 Ligularia oligonema Handel-Mazzetti
189
3.34 Ligularia tongolensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
190
3.35 Ligularia tsangchanensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
191
3.36 Ligularia yunnanensis (Franchet) C. C. Chang
193
3.37 Hybrid Ligularia Species
194
3.38 Further Ligularia Species I: altaica de Candolle, L. dolichobotrys Diels,
L. franchetiana (H. Léveillé) Handel-Mazzetti, L. persica Boissier, L. speciosa
Fischer et Meyer, and L. thyrsoidea (Ledebour) de Candolle
197
3.39 Further Ligularia Species II: L. achyrotricha (Diels) Y. Ling, L. nanchuanica
S. W. Liu, L. purdomii (Turrill) Chittenden, L. odontomanes Handel-Mazzetti,
L. sibirica (Linnaeus) Cassini, and L. thomsonii (C. B. Clarke) Pojarkova
199
3.40 Further Ligularia Species III: L. angusta (Nakai) Kitamura, L. calthifolia
Maximowicz, L. fauriei (Franchet) Koidzumi, L. hiberniflorum (Makino)
Kitamura, L. kangtingensis S. W. Liu, L. lingiana S. W. Liu, L. myriocephala
Y. Ling ex S. W. Liu, L. platyglossa (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti,
and L. schmidtii (Maximowicz) Makino
201
3.41 Further Ligularia Species IV: L. brachyphylla Handel- Mazzetti (= L. latihastata), L. calthifolia (Maximowicz) Diels, L. clivorum Maximowicz (= L.
dentata), L. sachalinensis Nakai, L. tangutica (Maximowicz) Bergmans,
L. trichocephala (Maximowicz) Matsumura et Koidzumi, and L. vorobierii
Worosh
204
4 Genetic Analyses
206
5 Synthesis Aspects
209
5.1 Synthesis of Ligularol (= Petasalbin), Ligularone, and Related Compounds
210
5.2 Synthesis of Tetrahydroligularenolide Using Biogenetic Type Rearrangement
211
5.3 Synthesis of Furanoeremophilan-15,6-olide
212
5.4 Synthesis of Isopetasol
213
5.5 Synthesis of Eremophila-9,11-dien-8-one, Dehydrofukinone,
and Furanoeremophilanes
213
5.6 Synthesis of Eremoligenol and Eremophilone
214
5.7 Synthesis of Eremophiladienes
214
5.8 Synthesis of Fukinone and Related Compounds
215
5.9 Synthesis of Eremophiladiene
215
M. Tori and C. Kuroda