59
3 Ligularia Species
3.1 Ligularia virgaurea (Maximowicz) Mattfeld ex Rehder
& Kobuski
Ligularia virgaurea is distributed widely in the Hengduan Mountains area, particularly in Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, and Qinghai Provinces in China, and in Nepal and
Bhutan. This plant grows in alpine meadows at 4000 m and higher in elevation and
is a highly abundant species in Sichuan Province (Plate 6) [2]. Our groups have collected more than 50 samples in this area and analyzed their chemical constituents
(Tables 2–4) [27, 28, 45, 63, 76, 114, 275, 276]. Phytochemical studies of each
sample resulted in the isolation of various types of terpenoids and aromatics.
Interesting observations shown on TLC plates are that at least five patterns (L, V, C,
H, and N types) could be observed of spots visualized by spraying with Ehrlich’s
reagent [15], which displayed yellow, pink, blue, and purple colors if they were
Table 1 (continued)
Structure
number
Name of compound
Plant source
Ref.
Comments
1030
L. macrophylla
[98]
1031
L. dictyoneura
[182]
1032
L. dictyoneura
[182]
1033
L. fischeri
[257]
L. przewalskii
[144]
1034
L. fischeri
[257]
1035
L. thomsonii
[258]
1036
Diosmin
L. przewalskii
[144]
1037
Sesamin
L. duciformis
[36]
1038
L. kanaitzensis
[273]
L. purdomii
[190]
1039
Pinoresinol
L. achyrotricha
[261]
L. purdomii
[190]
1040
L. achyrotricha
[261]
L. kanaitzensis
[273]
1041
L. purdomii
[190]
1042
L. achyrotricha
[261]
1043
L. nanchuanica
[104]
L. virgaurea
[65]
1044
L. virgaurea
[65]
1045
L. alticola
[84]
1046
L. virgaurea
[65]
1047
Samsesquinoside
L. fischeri
[257]
1048
L. narynensis
[274]
Chemical Constituents of Ligularia Species (Asteraceae) and Their Diversity…