230
An interesting study on the insect-repellent and mosquitocidal effects of some
noreremophilanes and related compounds was published [347]. Many compounds
with a hydridane skeleton similar to nootkatone (1146), which is known as an insect
repellent, were synthesized and tested. Among these compounds, the synthetic analogue 1236 exhibited potent repellent and knockdown effects on the mosquito.
(+)-Nootkatone (1146) and norketone 1236 (Fig. 75) showed similar activities.
Three diterpenoids, fischericin E (819), and 821 and 827, isolated from L. fischeri [246] inhibited the proliferation of human B lymphoblast HMy2.CIR cells at a
concentration of 2.5–40 μM. Antiinflammatory and antiadipogenic activities of
Ligularia taquetii have been tested, and chlorogenic acid was identified as an active
compound [348].
Acknowledgments We are indebted to Professor Yoshinori Asakawa, of Tokushima Bunri
University, for his initial recommendation that we write this contribution and also for all of his
subsequent encouragement. We also thank Professor Heinz Falk for his editorial guidance and
many helpful suggestions. In addition, we are indebted to all those who have been involved in laboratory work, as carried out by our respective Ligularia species-related research team.
References
1. Illarionova I (2014) Taxonomic notes on sections Corymbosae and Subracemosae of genus
Ligularia (Asteraceae). J Jap Bot 89:365
2. Liu S, Illarionova ID (2011) Flora of China, vol 20–21. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, p 376
3. Liu JQ, Wang YJ, Wang AL, Ohba H, Abbott RJ (2006) Radiation and diversification within
the Ligularia-Cremanthodium-Parasenecio complex (Asteraceae) triggered by uplift of the
Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Mol Phylogen Evol 38:31
4. Kuroda C, Hanai R, Nagano H, Tori M, Gong, X (2012) Diversity of furanoeremophilanes in
major Ligularia species in the Hengduan mountains. Nat Prod Commun 7:539
5. Kuroda C, Hanai R, Tori M, Okamoto Y, Saito Y, Nagano H, Ohsaki A, Hirota H, Kawahara T,
Gong X (2014) Diversity in furanoeremophilane composition produced by Ligularia species
(Asteraceae) in the Hengduan mountains area of China. J Synth Org Chem Jpn 72:717
6. Hou C, Kulka M, Zhang J, Li Y, Guo F (2014) Occurrence and biological activities of
eremophilane- type sesquiterpenes. Mini-Rev Med Chem 14:664
7. Wu L, Liao Z, Liu C, Jia H, Sun J (2016) Eremophilane sesquiterpenes from the genus
Ligularia. Chem Biodivers 13:645
Fig. 75 Structures of 1146 and 1236
M. Tori and C. Kuroda
An interesting study on the insect-repellent and mosquitocidal effects of some
noreremophilanes and related compounds was published [347]. Many compounds
with a hydridane skeleton similar to nootkatone (1146), which is known as an insect
repellent, were synthesized and tested. Among these compounds, the synthetic analogue 1236 exhibited potent repellent and knockdown effects on the mosquito.
(+)-Nootkatone (1146) and norketone 1236 (Fig. 75) showed similar activities.
Three diterpenoids, fischericin E (819), and 821 and 827, isolated from L. fischeri [246] inhibited the proliferation of human B lymphoblast HMy2.CIR cells at a
concentration of 2.5–40 μM. Antiinflammatory and antiadipogenic activities of
Ligularia taquetii have been tested, and chlorogenic acid was identified as an active
compound [348].
Acknowledgments We are indebted to Professor Yoshinori Asakawa, of Tokushima Bunri
University, for his initial recommendation that we write this contribution and also for all of his
subsequent encouragement. We also thank Professor Heinz Falk for his editorial guidance and
many helpful suggestions. In addition, we are indebted to all those who have been involved in laboratory work, as carried out by our respective Ligularia species-related research team.
References
1. Illarionova I (2014) Taxonomic notes on sections Corymbosae and Subracemosae of genus
Ligularia (Asteraceae). J Jap Bot 89:365
2. Liu S, Illarionova ID (2011) Flora of China, vol 20–21. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, p 376
3. Liu JQ, Wang YJ, Wang AL, Ohba H, Abbott RJ (2006) Radiation and diversification within
the Ligularia-Cremanthodium-Parasenecio complex (Asteraceae) triggered by uplift of the
Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Mol Phylogen Evol 38:31
4. Kuroda C, Hanai R, Nagano H, Tori M, Gong, X (2012) Diversity of furanoeremophilanes in
major Ligularia species in the Hengduan mountains. Nat Prod Commun 7:539
5. Kuroda C, Hanai R, Tori M, Okamoto Y, Saito Y, Nagano H, Ohsaki A, Hirota H, Kawahara T,
Gong X (2014) Diversity in furanoeremophilane composition produced by Ligularia species
(Asteraceae) in the Hengduan mountains area of China. J Synth Org Chem Jpn 72:717
6. Hou C, Kulka M, Zhang J, Li Y, Guo F (2014) Occurrence and biological activities of
eremophilane- type sesquiterpenes. Mini-Rev Med Chem 14:664
7. Wu L, Liao Z, Liu C, Jia H, Sun J (2016) Eremophilane sesquiterpenes from the genus
Ligularia. Chem Biodivers 13:645
Fig. 75 Structures of 1146 and 1236
M. Tori and C. Kuroda