88
M. D. Alba-Rodríguez et al.
the calculation of WF a distinction must be made between electrical machinery and
machinery powered by an engine fuelled by fossil fuels, either diesel or petrol. The
calculation of WF is made based on engine power, in the same way as it is done in
other studies [24].
The average fossil fuel consumption of machinery is linked to engine power. For
its calculation, the “Manual de maquinaria” drawn up by SEOPAN (2008), is used,
which collects technical data on different models and typologies of machinery on
the market, arriving at the elaboration of the following calculation hypothesis by
choosing the most unfavourable consumptions:
Diesel: 0.15 to 0.20 L consumed in 1 h per kW installed.
Petrol: 0.30 to 0.40 L consumed in 1 h per kW installed.
The machinery classified in the BCCA is analyzed, where the previous coefficient
is applied to the power of each engine to obtain the litres of fuel consumed per working
hour, differentiating whether the machine consumes diesel or petrol, and obtaining
the average consumption per hour of machinery that consumes either diesel or petrol
( Fig. 11, Eq. 25).
To the average consumption of each construction machinery, the conversion factor
of the volume of water needed to have one kilo of fuel is applied, extracted from
the open database Ecoinvent [30], implemented in Symapro and developed by the
Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, due to its transparency in the development
of processes (reports, flowcharts, methodology, etc.), consistency, references and
standing out for the fact that it merges data from several databases of the construction
industry (Martínez-Rocamora, Solís-Guzmán, [47]. For this case, it has a value of
1.26 m
3 /kg (Fig. 11, Eq. 26).
For electrical machinery, the power consumption of the machinery is analyzed
according to the engine power. The water consumption factor is applied for the
production of one kWh of energy by the Spanish electrical system [63], (Fig. 11,
Eq. 27) which in this case has a value of 0.0118 m
3 /kWh.
Once the unitary WF of the machinery consumption of the work is obtained, the
project measurement (Qi) is applied, that is to say, the time of use of the machinery
in the work of work and the total HH of the machinery of the project is obtained
(Fig. 11, Eq. 28).
Construction materials
The first step to be taken in order to obtain the WF indicator for each element consists
of converting the original unit of measurement of each PB (m
3 , m
2 , metres, tonnes,
thousands, etc.) to Kg (Fig. 11, Eq. 29), so that we can apply the density established in
the support documents used, the Catalogue of Construction Solutions of the Technical
Building Code (CSC) and the Basic Document on Structural Safety of the Technical
Building Code. Actions in the Building DB-SE AE (RD 314/2006), to obtain the
weight of each element.
Once the weight has been obtained, the LCA databases will be used, which define
the units of impact contained in each kg of material. Among the different LCA
databases, the Ecoinvent database was chosen [30], implemented in Symapro and
developed by the Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, due to its transparency in
M. D. Alba-Rodríguez et al.
the calculation of WF a distinction must be made between electrical machinery and
machinery powered by an engine fuelled by fossil fuels, either diesel or petrol. The
calculation of WF is made based on engine power, in the same way as it is done in
other studies [24].
The average fossil fuel consumption of machinery is linked to engine power. For
its calculation, the “Manual de maquinaria” drawn up by SEOPAN (2008), is used,
which collects technical data on different models and typologies of machinery on
the market, arriving at the elaboration of the following calculation hypothesis by
choosing the most unfavourable consumptions:
Diesel: 0.15 to 0.20 L consumed in 1 h per kW installed.
Petrol: 0.30 to 0.40 L consumed in 1 h per kW installed.
The machinery classified in the BCCA is analyzed, where the previous coefficient
is applied to the power of each engine to obtain the litres of fuel consumed per working
hour, differentiating whether the machine consumes diesel or petrol, and obtaining
the average consumption per hour of machinery that consumes either diesel or petrol
( Fig. 11, Eq. 25).
To the average consumption of each construction machinery, the conversion factor
of the volume of water needed to have one kilo of fuel is applied, extracted from
the open database Ecoinvent [30], implemented in Symapro and developed by the
Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, due to its transparency in the development
of processes (reports, flowcharts, methodology, etc.), consistency, references and
standing out for the fact that it merges data from several databases of the construction
industry (Martínez-Rocamora, Solís-Guzmán, [47]. For this case, it has a value of
1.26 m
3 /kg (Fig. 11, Eq. 26).
For electrical machinery, the power consumption of the machinery is analyzed
according to the engine power. The water consumption factor is applied for the
production of one kWh of energy by the Spanish electrical system [63], (Fig. 11,
Eq. 27) which in this case has a value of 0.0118 m
3 /kWh.
Once the unitary WF of the machinery consumption of the work is obtained, the
project measurement (Qi) is applied, that is to say, the time of use of the machinery
in the work of work and the total HH of the machinery of the project is obtained
(Fig. 11, Eq. 28).
Construction materials
The first step to be taken in order to obtain the WF indicator for each element consists
of converting the original unit of measurement of each PB (m
3 , m
2 , metres, tonnes,
thousands, etc.) to Kg (Fig. 11, Eq. 29), so that we can apply the density established in
the support documents used, the Catalogue of Construction Solutions of the Technical
Building Code (CSC) and the Basic Document on Structural Safety of the Technical
Building Code. Actions in the Building DB-SE AE (RD 314/2006), to obtain the
weight of each element.
Once the weight has been obtained, the LCA databases will be used, which define
the units of impact contained in each kg of material. Among the different LCA
databases, the Ecoinvent database was chosen [30], implemented in Symapro and
developed by the Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, due to its transparency in