A Model for the Assessment of the Water Footprint …
75
Fig. 5 Soil water balance: flow in and out of the soil moisture in a rain garden. Adaptation based
on [37]
standard instruction of roads, 5. 2-IC, (Ministerio [55]. More simply, it is the curve
number method that was empirically established by the Soil Conservation Service
(SCS. USA) [56], which is the most generalized and has been used to simulate the
behaviour of rain and runoff in a basin for many years, its implementation in a
software for the formulation of projects for small river basins (TR-55), modified for
HEC-HMS the HMS model [22], are the most accepted.
Design rainfall or total rainfall (PTo) is obtained from globalized information
extracted from CLIMWAT 2.0, a climate database published by FAO’s Water Development and Climate Change and Bioenergy Management Unit. Its choice is marked
by the fact that it also offers observed agroclimatic data from more than 5,000 stations
worldwide. In addition to monthly rainfall (mm/month), the database provides longterm average values of 6 more parameters: average daily maximum temperature
(°C), average daily minimum temperature (°C), average relative humidity (%),
average wind speed (km/day), average hours of sunshine per day, average solar
radiation (MJ/m
2 /day) and effective monthly rainfall (mm/month). It also incorporates a tool that provides the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated with the
Penman–Monteith method (mm/day).
For the time series, CLIMWAT [15], to provide reliability in its data includes
historical data from direct observations available from the 1971–2000 period,
including all recent series that have at least 15 years of data, even if they are not
75
Fig. 5 Soil water balance: flow in and out of the soil moisture in a rain garden. Adaptation based
on [37]
standard instruction of roads, 5. 2-IC, (Ministerio [55]. More simply, it is the curve
number method that was empirically established by the Soil Conservation Service
(SCS. USA) [56], which is the most generalized and has been used to simulate the
behaviour of rain and runoff in a basin for many years, its implementation in a
software for the formulation of projects for small river basins (TR-55), modified for
HEC-HMS the HMS model [22], are the most accepted.
Design rainfall or total rainfall (PTo) is obtained from globalized information
extracted from CLIMWAT 2.0, a climate database published by FAO’s Water Development and Climate Change and Bioenergy Management Unit. Its choice is marked
by the fact that it also offers observed agroclimatic data from more than 5,000 stations
worldwide. In addition to monthly rainfall (mm/month), the database provides longterm average values of 6 more parameters: average daily maximum temperature
(°C), average daily minimum temperature (°C), average relative humidity (%),
average wind speed (km/day), average hours of sunshine per day, average solar
radiation (MJ/m
2 /day) and effective monthly rainfall (mm/month). It also incorporates a tool that provides the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated with the
Penman–Monteith method (mm/day).
For the time series, CLIMWAT [15], to provide reliability in its data includes
historical data from direct observations available from the 1971–2000 period,
including all recent series that have at least 15 years of data, even if they are not