Employing Input-Output Model to Assess …
183
For the problems we have found, we suggest using various policy tools to curb the
pressure of residents’ energy consumption on water. Such as subsidies for energysaving appliances and popularization of public transportation. At the same time, for
thermoelectric power plants that consume a lot of water (they also bring a lot of
water pollution and produce a lot of gray water footprint), they need to improve
their energy conversion efficiency and improve their cooling technology. Since the
life cycle water consumption of energy consumption also depends on its upstream
sector, a concerted effort is needed to save water throughout the economy.
References
1. Carter H O, Ireri D (1970) Linkage of California—Arizona input—output model to analyze
water transfer pattern. Appl Input Output Anal 11(3):139–168
2. Cazcarro I, Duarte R, Chóliz JS (2013) Multiregional input-output model for the evaluation of
spanish water flows. Environ Sci Technol 47:12275–12283
3. Chai L, Liao X et al (2018) Assessing life cycle water use and pollution of coal-fired power
generation in china using input-output analysis. Appl Energy 231:951–958
4. Chen B, Chen SQ (2015) Urban metabolism and nexus. Eco. Info 26:1–2
5. Cunmber JH, Stram BN (1976) Emperical application of input—output models to environmental problems. In: Advances in input—output analysis
6. Dietzenbacher E, Velazquez E (2007) Analyzing Andalusian virtual water trade in an input–
output framework. Reg Stud 41(2):185–196
7. Dietzenbaeher E, Los B (1998) Structural decompose situation techniques: sense and
sensitivity. J Econ Syst Res 10(3):307–324
8. Falkenmark M, Rockström J (2004) Balancing water for humans and nature: the new approach
in ecohydrology. Earthscan, London, UK
9. Guan DB, Hubacek K (2007) Assessment of regional trade and virtual water flows in China.
Eco Econ 61:159–170
10. Hardberger A (2013) Powering the tap dry: regulatory alternatives for the energy water nexus.
Univ Colorado Law Rev 84:529–861
11. Hartog H, Houwcling A (1974) Pollution abatement and the economic structure: empirical
results of input output computations for the Netherlands. Occasional No. 1, The Hauage:
Central Planning Bureau
12. Hawkins T, Hendrickson C, Higgins C, Matthews HS, Suh S (2007) A mixed-unit input-output
model for environmental life-cycle assessment and material flow analysis. Environ Sci Technol
41(3):1024–1031
13. Hettelingh et al (1985) A modeling and information system for environmental policy in the
Netherlands. Amst Inst Neth Stud E-85/1. Free University
14. Hoekstra AY (ed) (2003) Virtual water trade: proceedings of the international expert meeting on
virtual water trade. Delft, The Netherlands, 12–13 December 2002. In: Value of water research
report series, No 12. IHE, Delft, The Netherlands
15. Hoekstra AY et al (2011) The water footprint assessment manual: setting the global standard.
Earthscan, London, UK
16. Hoekstra AY (2016) A critique on the water-scarcity weighted water footprint in LCA. Ecol
Indic 66:564–573
17. Hoekstra Arjen Y (2011) The water footprint assessment manual: setting the global standard.
Earthscan, London; Washington, DC
18. Hoff H (2011) Understanding the nexus. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm
183
For the problems we have found, we suggest using various policy tools to curb the
pressure of residents’ energy consumption on water. Such as subsidies for energysaving appliances and popularization of public transportation. At the same time, for
thermoelectric power plants that consume a lot of water (they also bring a lot of
water pollution and produce a lot of gray water footprint), they need to improve
their energy conversion efficiency and improve their cooling technology. Since the
life cycle water consumption of energy consumption also depends on its upstream
sector, a concerted effort is needed to save water throughout the economy.
References
1. Carter H O, Ireri D (1970) Linkage of California—Arizona input—output model to analyze
water transfer pattern. Appl Input Output Anal 11(3):139–168
2. Cazcarro I, Duarte R, Chóliz JS (2013) Multiregional input-output model for the evaluation of
spanish water flows. Environ Sci Technol 47:12275–12283
3. Chai L, Liao X et al (2018) Assessing life cycle water use and pollution of coal-fired power
generation in china using input-output analysis. Appl Energy 231:951–958
4. Chen B, Chen SQ (2015) Urban metabolism and nexus. Eco. Info 26:1–2
5. Cunmber JH, Stram BN (1976) Emperical application of input—output models to environmental problems. In: Advances in input—output analysis
6. Dietzenbacher E, Velazquez E (2007) Analyzing Andalusian virtual water trade in an input–
output framework. Reg Stud 41(2):185–196
7. Dietzenbaeher E, Los B (1998) Structural decompose situation techniques: sense and
sensitivity. J Econ Syst Res 10(3):307–324
8. Falkenmark M, Rockström J (2004) Balancing water for humans and nature: the new approach
in ecohydrology. Earthscan, London, UK
9. Guan DB, Hubacek K (2007) Assessment of regional trade and virtual water flows in China.
Eco Econ 61:159–170
10. Hardberger A (2013) Powering the tap dry: regulatory alternatives for the energy water nexus.
Univ Colorado Law Rev 84:529–861
11. Hartog H, Houwcling A (1974) Pollution abatement and the economic structure: empirical
results of input output computations for the Netherlands. Occasional No. 1, The Hauage:
Central Planning Bureau
12. Hawkins T, Hendrickson C, Higgins C, Matthews HS, Suh S (2007) A mixed-unit input-output
model for environmental life-cycle assessment and material flow analysis. Environ Sci Technol
41(3):1024–1031
13. Hettelingh et al (1985) A modeling and information system for environmental policy in the
Netherlands. Amst Inst Neth Stud E-85/1. Free University
14. Hoekstra AY (ed) (2003) Virtual water trade: proceedings of the international expert meeting on
virtual water trade. Delft, The Netherlands, 12–13 December 2002. In: Value of water research
report series, No 12. IHE, Delft, The Netherlands
15. Hoekstra AY et al (2011) The water footprint assessment manual: setting the global standard.
Earthscan, London, UK
16. Hoekstra AY (2016) A critique on the water-scarcity weighted water footprint in LCA. Ecol
Indic 66:564–573
17. Hoekstra Arjen Y (2011) The water footprint assessment manual: setting the global standard.
Earthscan, London; Washington, DC
18. Hoff H (2011) Understanding the nexus. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm