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P. S. Kumar et al.
(corrosion scale inhibitors) are suggested. The improvement of their productivity
processes like internal recycling, treatment of cooling water, and the use of sophisticated equipment is also recommended. Though the management of water system must
be enhanced, rainwater harvesting is an opportunity of green water for industries. In
order to avoid water pollution phenomena from wastewater discharge, use gray water
in steel industry, advanced wastewater treatment plants must be needed to encourage
their reuse. Steel producers need to reduce direct water consumption by enhancing the
efficiency and upgrading the equipment. The processes including cooling, agglomeration, and pelletizing which use a high amount of water will be reduced. The use
of renewable energy sources such as wind power is also highly recommended and a
priority should also be given to the system plant location [23]. However, some uncertainties about water footprint calculation remain unanswered because of the lacking
of reliable data. For instance, steel industry component consumes a large amount
of power electricity generated by virtual water which can be reduced by knowing
information on the water footprint of local or regional electricity generators. As far
as concerned gray water is used to dilute pollutants to be discharged in the natural
water system, industries must gather information to better evaluate their volume.
Finally, the reliable calculation of the water footprint of steel industry must be done
separately to better evaluate the volume and the impacts of each component.
18 Conclusion
The water footprint is a key factor to better evaluate the direct and indirect water
generated from leather tanning and steel industries. The definition of a system
boundary is important during different processes. The impacts of pollution on humans
and the environment have been presented in this chapter. As far as concerned the
leather industry the use of waterless chrome tanning technology has been displayed
as a breakthrough to deal with water pollution and reduce the volume of water during
the processing of raw hides and skins. The production of steel has been increasing
all over the world. Different notions and formulation to evaluate the water footprint
of this industry have been presented. Independently on the steel production routes,
water in the steel industry needs cooling water to produce electricity for power plants.
Additionally, operations including washing, furnace gas treatment, vacuum generation, and slag generation also require a huge quantity of water during the processing
of iron mining. The volume of water used in steel production is very large and
deeply affects the water footprint. Different recommendations have been suggested
including the usage of renewable energy like power wind and upgrading equipment
during the processing to reduce the water footprint of steel industry.
P. S. Kumar et al.
(corrosion scale inhibitors) are suggested. The improvement of their productivity
processes like internal recycling, treatment of cooling water, and the use of sophisticated equipment is also recommended. Though the management of water system must
be enhanced, rainwater harvesting is an opportunity of green water for industries. In
order to avoid water pollution phenomena from wastewater discharge, use gray water
in steel industry, advanced wastewater treatment plants must be needed to encourage
their reuse. Steel producers need to reduce direct water consumption by enhancing the
efficiency and upgrading the equipment. The processes including cooling, agglomeration, and pelletizing which use a high amount of water will be reduced. The use
of renewable energy sources such as wind power is also highly recommended and a
priority should also be given to the system plant location [23]. However, some uncertainties about water footprint calculation remain unanswered because of the lacking
of reliable data. For instance, steel industry component consumes a large amount
of power electricity generated by virtual water which can be reduced by knowing
information on the water footprint of local or regional electricity generators. As far
as concerned gray water is used to dilute pollutants to be discharged in the natural
water system, industries must gather information to better evaluate their volume.
Finally, the reliable calculation of the water footprint of steel industry must be done
separately to better evaluate the volume and the impacts of each component.
18 Conclusion
The water footprint is a key factor to better evaluate the direct and indirect water
generated from leather tanning and steel industries. The definition of a system
boundary is important during different processes. The impacts of pollution on humans
and the environment have been presented in this chapter. As far as concerned the
leather industry the use of waterless chrome tanning technology has been displayed
as a breakthrough to deal with water pollution and reduce the volume of water during
the processing of raw hides and skins. The production of steel has been increasing
all over the world. Different notions and formulation to evaluate the water footprint
of this industry have been presented. Independently on the steel production routes,
water in the steel industry needs cooling water to produce electricity for power plants.
Additionally, operations including washing, furnace gas treatment, vacuum generation, and slag generation also require a huge quantity of water during the processing
of iron mining. The volume of water used in steel production is very large and
deeply affects the water footprint. Different recommendations have been suggested
including the usage of renewable energy like power wind and upgrading equipment
during the processing to reduce the water footprint of steel industry.