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M. B. Johnson and M. Mehrvar
Table 5
(continued)
Region
Scope
Estimation methodology
Water footprint estimate(s)
References
3 Italy—Sicily
Viticultural stage
Direct
Six vineyards
Consumptive—WFN and
V.I.V.A
Drift and runoff (grey)
Viticultural Stage
WFN
WF
green
= 695 to 903 L/L of
wine
WF
grey
= 0 to 229 L/L of wine
V.I.V.A.
WF
green
= 705 to 916 L/L of
wine
WF
grey
= 0 to 390 L/L of wine
WFN-V.I.V.A
WF
blue
= 2.4 to 42.5 L/L of
wine
[3]
4 Italy
Viticultural and vinification
stages
Life cycle assessment, direct
and indirect
Consumptive
Drift, runoff, leaching (grey)
Overall
WF
green
= 451 L/750 mL bottle
WF
blue
= 120 L/750 mL bottle
WF
grey
= 7.1 L/750 mL bottle
WF
total
= 578 L/750 mL bottle
[4]
5 Romania
Viticultural and vinification
stages
Life cycle assessment, direct
and indirect
Consumptive
Overall
WF
green
= 1,512 L/L wine
WF
blue
= 55.3 L/L wine
WF
grey
= 277 L/L wine
WF
total
= 1,884 L/L wine
[5]
6 Italy—Umbria
Viticultural and vinification
stages
Life cycle assessment, direct
Consumptive—V.I.V.A.
Drift, runoff, leaching,
simplification for WWW (grey)
Overall
WF
green
= 621 L/750 mL bottle
WF
blue
= 3.4 L/750 mL bottle
WF
grey
= 7.4 L/750 mL bottle
WF
total
= 632 L/750 mL bottle
[6]
(continued)