From Field to Bottle: Water Footprint Estimation …
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Table 5
Reported water footprints of wine-making processes
Region
Scope
Estimation methodology
Water footprint estimate(s)
References
1 Portugal
Vintage stage
Direct
Consumptive
Vinification Stage
WF
blue
= 0.15 to 0.20 L/750 mL
bottle
WF
grey
= 9.47 to 12.54
L/750 mL bottle
[1]
2 New Zealand—Marlborough and
Gisborne Regions
Viticultural and vinification
stages
Direct and indirect for both
vineyard and winery separately
Water-balance (blue)
Drift, runoff, leaching (grey)
Viticultural Stage
Direct
WF
blue
= −81.3 to
−414.9
L/750 mL bottle
WF
grey
= 40.6 to 187.8
L/750 mL bottle
Indirect
WF
blue
= 1.0 to 1.1 L/750 mL
bottle
Vinification Stage
Direct
WF
blue
= 2.7 to 3.9 L/750 mL
bottle
WF
grey
= 0.5 to 1.1 L/750 mL
bottle
Indirect
WF
blue
= 10.7 L/750 mL bottle
WF
grey
= 3.3 L/750 mL bottle
[2]
(continued)