Urban areas, 381
Urban planning, 378
Urbanization, 174, 391
US Environmental Protection Agency
(US EPA), 293, 339, 421
UVB radiation, 102
V
Vanadium, 298
Vascular macrophytes, 310
Volatilization, 100, 252
W
Waste management, 154, 401
chemical methods, 197
Waste transport, 197
Wastewater dye removal, 140, 141
Wastewater flocculation/setting, 143
Wastewater treatment
biological methods (see Biological
methods)
biotechnological interventions
(see Biotechnological interventions)
characteristics, 201
chemical treatment methods, 203, 204
eco-friendly technologies, 213
less polluting substances, 213
and management, 196, 197
physical treatment methods, 203
small- and medium-sized industrial
clusters, 202
textile process products, 213
textile processing, 202
Water, 356
Water-borne diseases, 118, 124, 392,
393, 395–397, 399, 401
Water conservation, 401
Water contamination
in urban areas, 392
Water disinfection
advantages and disadvantages, 120–122
Water harvesting, 401
Water pollution, 338, 392
arsenic, 393
breeding grounds, 400
fluoride, 393
groundwater, 393
health impacts, 395, 396
India, 393
state-wise polluted river stretches, 393, 394
stern warning, 401
surface water, 393
Water quality
and public health, 392
standard, 400
Water quality index, 392
Water quality management, 400
Water resources
incompetent management, 392
Water scarcity, 118
Water supply, 400
Water treatment methods
centralized and decentralized, 118
chemical disinfectants (see Chemical
disinfectants)
contamination, 118
oceans and freshwater, 118
physical disinfectants (see Physical
disinfectants)
Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, 5
Water-intensive products, 401
Waxes, 200
Weed management
allelopathic traits, 107
allelopathy, 108
chemical weed control, 104
commercial herbicides, 94
crop cultivars, 107
farmers, 109
integrated, 105
Weedicides, 104
Weeding, 94
Weeds
agricultural crops, 94
control, 104
crop and yield losses, 94
ecological/environmental complications, 94
environmental protection, 94
infestation, 95
Western corn rootworm (WCR), 421
Wet processing, 196
bleaching, 199
characteristics, 201
chemical pollutants, 196
coloration process (see Coloration process)
coloring, 197
mercerizing, 199
pretreatment process
desizing, 199
finishing and tinting process, 198
Index
449
Urban planning, 378
Urbanization, 174, 391
US Environmental Protection Agency
(US EPA), 293, 339, 421
UVB radiation, 102
V
Vanadium, 298
Vascular macrophytes, 310
Volatilization, 100, 252
W
Waste management, 154, 401
chemical methods, 197
Waste transport, 197
Wastewater dye removal, 140, 141
Wastewater flocculation/setting, 143
Wastewater treatment
biological methods (see Biological
methods)
biotechnological interventions
(see Biotechnological interventions)
characteristics, 201
chemical treatment methods, 203, 204
eco-friendly technologies, 213
less polluting substances, 213
and management, 196, 197
physical treatment methods, 203
small- and medium-sized industrial
clusters, 202
textile process products, 213
textile processing, 202
Water, 356
Water-borne diseases, 118, 124, 392,
393, 395–397, 399, 401
Water conservation, 401
Water contamination
in urban areas, 392
Water disinfection
advantages and disadvantages, 120–122
Water harvesting, 401
Water pollution, 338, 392
arsenic, 393
breeding grounds, 400
fluoride, 393
groundwater, 393
health impacts, 395, 396
India, 393
state-wise polluted river stretches, 393, 394
stern warning, 401
surface water, 393
Water quality
and public health, 392
standard, 400
Water quality index, 392
Water quality management, 400
Water resources
incompetent management, 392
Water scarcity, 118
Water supply, 400
Water treatment methods
centralized and decentralized, 118
chemical disinfectants (see Chemical
disinfectants)
contamination, 118
oceans and freshwater, 118
physical disinfectants (see Physical
disinfectants)
Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, 5
Water-intensive products, 401
Waxes, 200
Weed management
allelopathic traits, 107
allelopathy, 108
chemical weed control, 104
commercial herbicides, 94
crop cultivars, 107
farmers, 109
integrated, 105
Weedicides, 104
Weeding, 94
Weeds
agricultural crops, 94
control, 104
crop and yield losses, 94
ecological/environmental complications, 94
environmental protection, 94
infestation, 95
Western corn rootworm (WCR), 421
Wet processing, 196
bleaching, 199
characteristics, 201
chemical pollutants, 196
coloration process (see Coloration process)
coloring, 197
mercerizing, 199
pretreatment process
desizing, 199
finishing and tinting process, 198
Index
449