4.1.5 Potassium (K) Use Efficiency Improvement
The accessibility of potassium inside the soil plays a major role in crop grain quality
and yield (Wang and Wu 2015). Thus, the characterization of potassium use
efficiency (KUE) in a crop is vital and requests to develop genotypes for low K
conditions. Numerous research works were conducted via integrating conventional
and plant molecular breeding for the characterization of KUE in crops. In double
haploid (DH) population containing 123 lines taken fromAzucena ( japonica variety) andIR64 (indica variety) of rice at a hydroponic investigation (Wu et al. 1998)
found three QTLs related with shoot and root dry weight in limited K conditions.
These QTLs are used to improving K uptake and K use efficiency in the plant.
Numerous QTLs controlling agronomic traits related KUE had been identified and
characterized by different researchers.
Hence, improvement of NuUE (nutrient use efficiency) is a crucial component for
agronomic and environmental perspective current trends in plant molecular breeding
as one of the biotechnological tools able to accelerate the realizing of the polygenic
character of complex traits. Therefore, integrating advanced plan molecular breeding
with the conventional breeding to increase the efficient use of balanced PNK nutrient
elements via maintaining soil fertility as well as the soil quality is one of the critical
approaches in sustainable agriculture.
4.2 Omics Approach for Eco-Friendly Agriculture
Since various crop traits are quantitative (controlled by multiple genes interacting
with smaller effect) the QTL mapping progressed for identification of many genes to
assist conventional breeding via marker-assisted selection and breeding by design
(Peleman and Van der Voort 2003) have shown good outcomes. However,
QTL-analysis methods have limitations of accuracy to handle the plant’s inherent
complexities such as genotype-environment interactions, polygenic control, and
epistasis. So, supporting QTL-analysis with the omics approach is critical for the
enhancement of plant genetic analysis and efficient breeding to full fill the world
food demand without environmental effluence. There are different omics technologies to realize for advanced crop improvement in the genomic era such as genomics,
transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
4.2.1 Genomics
Genomics nowarose to the sequencing and mapping of genome with the detail
annotation information found in the genetic sequence. It may be categorized into
structural and functional genomics for efficient functional analysis. Structural genomics applicable for initial phase of genome analysis that tells the wholegenome
416
S. Abera
The accessibility of potassium inside the soil plays a major role in crop grain quality
and yield (Wang and Wu 2015). Thus, the characterization of potassium use
efficiency (KUE) in a crop is vital and requests to develop genotypes for low K
conditions. Numerous research works were conducted via integrating conventional
and plant molecular breeding for the characterization of KUE in crops. In double
haploid (DH) population containing 123 lines taken fromAzucena ( japonica variety) andIR64 (indica variety) of rice at a hydroponic investigation (Wu et al. 1998)
found three QTLs related with shoot and root dry weight in limited K conditions.
These QTLs are used to improving K uptake and K use efficiency in the plant.
Numerous QTLs controlling agronomic traits related KUE had been identified and
characterized by different researchers.
Hence, improvement of NuUE (nutrient use efficiency) is a crucial component for
agronomic and environmental perspective current trends in plant molecular breeding
as one of the biotechnological tools able to accelerate the realizing of the polygenic
character of complex traits. Therefore, integrating advanced plan molecular breeding
with the conventional breeding to increase the efficient use of balanced PNK nutrient
elements via maintaining soil fertility as well as the soil quality is one of the critical
approaches in sustainable agriculture.
4.2 Omics Approach for Eco-Friendly Agriculture
Since various crop traits are quantitative (controlled by multiple genes interacting
with smaller effect) the QTL mapping progressed for identification of many genes to
assist conventional breeding via marker-assisted selection and breeding by design
(Peleman and Van der Voort 2003) have shown good outcomes. However,
QTL-analysis methods have limitations of accuracy to handle the plant’s inherent
complexities such as genotype-environment interactions, polygenic control, and
epistasis. So, supporting QTL-analysis with the omics approach is critical for the
enhancement of plant genetic analysis and efficient breeding to full fill the world
food demand without environmental effluence. There are different omics technologies to realize for advanced crop improvement in the genomic era such as genomics,
transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
4.2.1 Genomics
Genomics nowarose to the sequencing and mapping of genome with the detail
annotation information found in the genetic sequence. It may be categorized into
structural and functional genomics for efficient functional analysis. Structural genomics applicable for initial phase of genome analysis that tells the wholegenome
416
S. Abera