Salvinia auriculata
When three species of Salvinia, viz. S. natans, S. molesta and S. auriculata was
analyzed for checking their accumulation capacity for heavy metals, S. molesta
showed maximum accumulation of Hg, Ni and Pb in the concentration of
18,575 ppm, 18,875 ppm and 18,275 ppm respectively. The results of the study
inferred that S. natans, S. molesta and S. auriculata have the inherent capacity for
the accumulation of appreciable quantities of heavy metals (Kumari et al. 2016).
Wolff et al. (2012) have reported a multiple level approach in which Salvinia
auriculata responses to Cd pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
The results indicated that S. auriculata can be explored as a bioindicator and can
be further tested for biomonitoring programs where an aquatic ecosystem contaminated by Cd. Additionally, Polechonska et al. (2019) was investigated 10 trace
elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in Salvinia natans. The results
indicated that the plant may be considered good accumulator for Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn
and hyperaccumulator for Mn.
Pistia stratiotes
When the harmful impacts of eight potentially toxic trace elements (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu,
Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were examined for Pistia stratiotes, it was found to present
differential accumulation and tolerance levels for different metals at similar treatment conditions. It is a good accumulator of Cu although other elements can also be
captured by the plant (Odjegba and Fasidi 2004). Radu et al. (2018) evaluate the
possibility to remove heavy metals Cd, Zn, Cr and Ni from wastewater using two
aquatic plants, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia
stratiotes).
These plants possessed outstanding abilities to metabolize and bioaccumulate
heavy metals from various polluted aquatic environments. The results obtained by
Farnese et al. (2014) indicated that water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) has a high
potential of being a bioindicator in As-contaminated aquatic environments. There
was an escalation of Cu metal ion reported in the fronds and simultaneously it
triggers transient oxidative defense reactions. Thus, the reports affirm the fact that
the plant L. minor proved to be an ideal for its use in clean up technology of
wastewater and can readily be used for industrial wastewater after its pretreatment.
The sensitivity characteristics of the plant can be used for Biomonitoring of Industrial wastes.
Lemna minor
According to Obermeier et al., 2015 detoxification potential of Lemna minor for
organic pollutants was high and increased significantly with incubation. Cu was
accumulated in the fronds at high levels, and transient oxidative defence reactions
were triggered. This work confirmed the significance of L. minor for the removal of
Cu from water and the conjugation of the selective herbicide pethoxamide. It would
be ideal to use it for attributions such as polishing the water after pre-treatment or
even using its sensitivity characteristics for biomonitoring. Another comparison is
made between P. stratiotes, L. minor and Spirodela intermedia for 15 days
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P. Parikh and K. Unadkat
When three species of Salvinia, viz. S. natans, S. molesta and S. auriculata was
analyzed for checking their accumulation capacity for heavy metals, S. molesta
showed maximum accumulation of Hg, Ni and Pb in the concentration of
18,575 ppm, 18,875 ppm and 18,275 ppm respectively. The results of the study
inferred that S. natans, S. molesta and S. auriculata have the inherent capacity for
the accumulation of appreciable quantities of heavy metals (Kumari et al. 2016).
Wolff et al. (2012) have reported a multiple level approach in which Salvinia
auriculata responses to Cd pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
The results indicated that S. auriculata can be explored as a bioindicator and can
be further tested for biomonitoring programs where an aquatic ecosystem contaminated by Cd. Additionally, Polechonska et al. (2019) was investigated 10 trace
elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in Salvinia natans. The results
indicated that the plant may be considered good accumulator for Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn
and hyperaccumulator for Mn.
Pistia stratiotes
When the harmful impacts of eight potentially toxic trace elements (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu,
Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were examined for Pistia stratiotes, it was found to present
differential accumulation and tolerance levels for different metals at similar treatment conditions. It is a good accumulator of Cu although other elements can also be
captured by the plant (Odjegba and Fasidi 2004). Radu et al. (2018) evaluate the
possibility to remove heavy metals Cd, Zn, Cr and Ni from wastewater using two
aquatic plants, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia
stratiotes).
These plants possessed outstanding abilities to metabolize and bioaccumulate
heavy metals from various polluted aquatic environments. The results obtained by
Farnese et al. (2014) indicated that water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) has a high
potential of being a bioindicator in As-contaminated aquatic environments. There
was an escalation of Cu metal ion reported in the fronds and simultaneously it
triggers transient oxidative defense reactions. Thus, the reports affirm the fact that
the plant L. minor proved to be an ideal for its use in clean up technology of
wastewater and can readily be used for industrial wastewater after its pretreatment.
The sensitivity characteristics of the plant can be used for Biomonitoring of Industrial wastes.
Lemna minor
According to Obermeier et al., 2015 detoxification potential of Lemna minor for
organic pollutants was high and increased significantly with incubation. Cu was
accumulated in the fronds at high levels, and transient oxidative defence reactions
were triggered. This work confirmed the significance of L. minor for the removal of
Cu from water and the conjugation of the selective herbicide pethoxamide. It would
be ideal to use it for attributions such as polishing the water after pre-treatment or
even using its sensitivity characteristics for biomonitoring. Another comparison is
made between P. stratiotes, L. minor and Spirodela intermedia for 15 days
328
P. Parikh and K. Unadkat