compartments with heavy metals and from there they take entry in the sediment as
well (Huang et al. 2020).
In Aquatic ecosystems, sediment act as supply for the source as well as sink of
heavy metals. After entering into the Aquatic systems, most of the heavy metals get
quickly deposited into the sediment, get concentrated in much higher amount than in
the waters of Aquatic bodies and in the sediment their concentration reaches at the
peak level in the water body of Aquatic systems (Shyleshchandran et al. 2018; Liu
et al. 2018). Because of the deposition of Heavy metals into the sediments, the
characteristics of the sediment is most likely get changed both in terms of its
physicochemical or hydrological conditions. As a result, heavy metals present in
the sediment may either get removed from the surface on which they are adsorbed or
resuspend and this in turn cause secondary pollution in Aquatic bodies.
In coastal ecosystem, metals exist in two states., 1. Dissolved in the water gauge
or 2. Deposited in the sediment beds. These states of metals depend on certain
physico-chemical characters like pH, conductivity, salinity and organic matter and
also on the nature of chemical species. Metals such as Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni are the
key indicators of anthropogenic pressure in coastal environment (Idris 2008; Cuculic
et al. 2009). They get discharged into the Aquatic environment through storm water
and effluent discharges of Industrial waste. Thus, are of the potential risk to the
Aquatic Environment.
1.2.2 Sources of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Bodies
There is a significant contamination of fresh water resources as well as artificial
eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs and an accelerating accumulation of toxic
metals in human food chain. This has assumed serious proportion in the twentieth
century and water, one of the most precious and vital components of the biosphere, is
being constantly polluted.
The various sources of different heavy metal contamination in the environment
are Agriculture pesticides, smelting, mining, metallurgical industrial waste, pharmaceutical fertilizers, Industrial smoke, Waste disposal, Corrosion and so forth.
Erosion of soil is also a potential source of heavy metals in water. During
run-off caused by the erosion heavy metals that have bound to soil sediments are
picked up and many a times particularly during rain fall wastes carrying heavy
metals are washed into poor drainage systems and also into nearby aquatic bodies
and thus distributed into Aquatic systems (Taiwo et al. 2011). In addition to this,
fine colloidal particles called as Aerosols also carry various pollutants like heavy
metals and smoke cloud. Emissions from chimneys of different industries as well
as solid particles present in the smoke get deposited on land or water bodies (Akpor
et al. 2014).
The industrial sources of Heavy metals are listed in Table 15.2. Anthropogenic
emissions of heavy metals have a major share in contributing heavy metals in the
320
P. Parikh and K. Unadkat
well (Huang et al. 2020).
In Aquatic ecosystems, sediment act as supply for the source as well as sink of
heavy metals. After entering into the Aquatic systems, most of the heavy metals get
quickly deposited into the sediment, get concentrated in much higher amount than in
the waters of Aquatic bodies and in the sediment their concentration reaches at the
peak level in the water body of Aquatic systems (Shyleshchandran et al. 2018; Liu
et al. 2018). Because of the deposition of Heavy metals into the sediments, the
characteristics of the sediment is most likely get changed both in terms of its
physicochemical or hydrological conditions. As a result, heavy metals present in
the sediment may either get removed from the surface on which they are adsorbed or
resuspend and this in turn cause secondary pollution in Aquatic bodies.
In coastal ecosystem, metals exist in two states., 1. Dissolved in the water gauge
or 2. Deposited in the sediment beds. These states of metals depend on certain
physico-chemical characters like pH, conductivity, salinity and organic matter and
also on the nature of chemical species. Metals such as Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni are the
key indicators of anthropogenic pressure in coastal environment (Idris 2008; Cuculic
et al. 2009). They get discharged into the Aquatic environment through storm water
and effluent discharges of Industrial waste. Thus, are of the potential risk to the
Aquatic Environment.
1.2.2 Sources of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Bodies
There is a significant contamination of fresh water resources as well as artificial
eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs and an accelerating accumulation of toxic
metals in human food chain. This has assumed serious proportion in the twentieth
century and water, one of the most precious and vital components of the biosphere, is
being constantly polluted.
The various sources of different heavy metal contamination in the environment
are Agriculture pesticides, smelting, mining, metallurgical industrial waste, pharmaceutical fertilizers, Industrial smoke, Waste disposal, Corrosion and so forth.
Erosion of soil is also a potential source of heavy metals in water. During
run-off caused by the erosion heavy metals that have bound to soil sediments are
picked up and many a times particularly during rain fall wastes carrying heavy
metals are washed into poor drainage systems and also into nearby aquatic bodies
and thus distributed into Aquatic systems (Taiwo et al. 2011). In addition to this,
fine colloidal particles called as Aerosols also carry various pollutants like heavy
metals and smoke cloud. Emissions from chimneys of different industries as well
as solid particles present in the smoke get deposited on land or water bodies (Akpor
et al. 2014).
The industrial sources of Heavy metals are listed in Table 15.2. Anthropogenic
emissions of heavy metals have a major share in contributing heavy metals in the
320
P. Parikh and K. Unadkat