technical cooperation, market mechanisms have also been introduced for investment
and profit distribution.
19.5 Scheme of Cooperation Among China, Japan,
and South Korea in Renewable Energy
By 2050, the proportion of clean energy in primary energy consumption in Northeast
Asia will increase to 60% or 4.2 trillion kWh, which is equivalent to reducing annual
carbon dioxide emissions by 3.9 billion tons (China Electricity Council 2019). Based
on our analysis, we propose a scheme of cooperation among China, Japan, and South
Korea in renewable energy generation.
Current cooperation among China, Japan, and South Korea in energy generation
is in the form of ministerial meetings or dialogues such as the East Asian
Low-Carbon Growth Partnership. The most representative projects of tripartite
cooperation in energy are the China, Japan, and South Korea Circular Economy
Demonstration Base in Dalian, China, which launched in 2015. In this demonstration base, a town named Dazheng functions as a low-carbon circular economy zone.
This project is approved by government dialogue and practiced by enterprises and
research institutions, which could offer a model for development elsewhere
(Fig. 19.7).
China
(CompanyGovernment)
Japan
(CompanyGovernment)
Negotiation, Joint Construction and Sharing
Information provision, subsidy support, simplified examination, risk management
Fund, Technology, Labor, EPC
Country X (CompanyGovernment)
"Market principle + profit distribution"
method
Needs for third-country development plans
and market environment
Infrastructure, logistics, energy-saving
environment, factory modernization and
remodeling projects
Input
Economic profit
(including energy
saving profit)
Economic profit of
Japanese and Chinese
companies, and Indian
power plant
Environmental benefit
CO2 reduction effect
Other social benefits
(e.g. improvement of
comprehensive ability)
Output
g
South Korea
(CompanyGovernment)
Fig. 19.6 Schematic diagram of China–Japan–South Korea cooperation in country X’s market.
(Source: Zhou 2019)
356
Y. Ling et al.
and profit distribution.
19.5 Scheme of Cooperation Among China, Japan,
and South Korea in Renewable Energy
By 2050, the proportion of clean energy in primary energy consumption in Northeast
Asia will increase to 60% or 4.2 trillion kWh, which is equivalent to reducing annual
carbon dioxide emissions by 3.9 billion tons (China Electricity Council 2019). Based
on our analysis, we propose a scheme of cooperation among China, Japan, and South
Korea in renewable energy generation.
Current cooperation among China, Japan, and South Korea in energy generation
is in the form of ministerial meetings or dialogues such as the East Asian
Low-Carbon Growth Partnership. The most representative projects of tripartite
cooperation in energy are the China, Japan, and South Korea Circular Economy
Demonstration Base in Dalian, China, which launched in 2015. In this demonstration base, a town named Dazheng functions as a low-carbon circular economy zone.
This project is approved by government dialogue and practiced by enterprises and
research institutions, which could offer a model for development elsewhere
(Fig. 19.7).
China
(CompanyGovernment)
Japan
(CompanyGovernment)
Negotiation, Joint Construction and Sharing
Information provision, subsidy support, simplified examination, risk management
Fund, Technology, Labor, EPC
Country X (CompanyGovernment)
"Market principle + profit distribution"
method
Needs for third-country development plans
and market environment
Infrastructure, logistics, energy-saving
environment, factory modernization and
remodeling projects
Input
Economic profit
(including energy
saving profit)
Economic profit of
Japanese and Chinese
companies, and Indian
power plant
Environmental benefit
CO2 reduction effect
Other social benefits
(e.g. improvement of
comprehensive ability)
Output
g
South Korea
(CompanyGovernment)
Fig. 19.6 Schematic diagram of China–Japan–South Korea cooperation in country X’s market.
(Source: Zhou 2019)
356
Y. Ling et al.