16.6 Conclusion
This chapter quantifies international carbon flow as a result of economic globalization based on input-output analysis using the World Input-Output Database (WIOD).
Trends in CO 2 emissions induced from 7 regions and 35 industries were analyzed as
a case study of the production of transportation equipment sector.
Total CO 2 emissions induced in China are larger than in the other six regions.
Production-based emissions tend to be larger than consumption-based emissions in
China and East Asia, while the inverse is true elsewhere. The ratio of production- to
consumption-based CO 2 emissions induced by a region to itself is close to one. CO 2
emissions from manufacturing transportation equipment such as automobiles are
larger than emissions from purchasing in this sector in East Asia. Developing
countries tend to have higher consumption- than production-based emissions. Furthermore, consumption-based calculations tend to underestimate CO 2 emission in
developing countries and emerging countries compared with production-based estimates. It is important to compile further analysis on global carbon flows in
consumption-based cases. In considering burdens of responsibility for global CO 2
emissions, ratios must be taken into account, allowing identification of the hidden,
larger amount of emissions in RoW (developing countries) and BRIIAT (emerging
countries). High volumes of CO 2 emissions flow to RoW from the Euro-zone,
NAFTA, RoW, East Asia and BRIIAT; CO 2 emissions must be reduced in both
developed and developing countries.
The East Asian area emits more CO 2 from manufacturing transportation equipment than it does from purchasing in this sector, while in developing countries, CO 2
emissions in consumption are higher than those of production. This analysis highlights the importance of assessing trends in emissions from emerging and developing
countries when considering global burdens of responsibility for CO 2 emissions.
References
Bastianoni S, Pulseli FM, Tiezzi E (2004) The problem of assigning responsibility for Greenhouse
Gas emissions. Ecol Econ 49:253–257
Boitier B (2012) CO 2 emissions production-based accounting consumption: In-sights from the
WIOD databases, version, 1–23
Davis SJ, Caldeira K (2010) Consumption-based accounting of CO 2 emissions. Sustain Sci 107
(12):5687–5692
Dietzenbacaher E, Los B, Timmer M (2013) The world Input-Output tables in the WIOD database.
J Life Cycle Assess 9(2):91–96. [in Japanese]
EDMC (The Energy Data and Modelling Center. The Institute of Energy Economics) (2012)
EDMC handbook of Japan & world energy & economic statistics. The Energy Conservation
Center, Tokyo. [in Japanese]
16 An Empirical Analysis of International Carbon Transfer
303
This chapter quantifies international carbon flow as a result of economic globalization based on input-output analysis using the World Input-Output Database (WIOD).
Trends in CO 2 emissions induced from 7 regions and 35 industries were analyzed as
a case study of the production of transportation equipment sector.
Total CO 2 emissions induced in China are larger than in the other six regions.
Production-based emissions tend to be larger than consumption-based emissions in
China and East Asia, while the inverse is true elsewhere. The ratio of production- to
consumption-based CO 2 emissions induced by a region to itself is close to one. CO 2
emissions from manufacturing transportation equipment such as automobiles are
larger than emissions from purchasing in this sector in East Asia. Developing
countries tend to have higher consumption- than production-based emissions. Furthermore, consumption-based calculations tend to underestimate CO 2 emission in
developing countries and emerging countries compared with production-based estimates. It is important to compile further analysis on global carbon flows in
consumption-based cases. In considering burdens of responsibility for global CO 2
emissions, ratios must be taken into account, allowing identification of the hidden,
larger amount of emissions in RoW (developing countries) and BRIIAT (emerging
countries). High volumes of CO 2 emissions flow to RoW from the Euro-zone,
NAFTA, RoW, East Asia and BRIIAT; CO 2 emissions must be reduced in both
developed and developing countries.
The East Asian area emits more CO 2 from manufacturing transportation equipment than it does from purchasing in this sector, while in developing countries, CO 2
emissions in consumption are higher than those of production. This analysis highlights the importance of assessing trends in emissions from emerging and developing
countries when considering global burdens of responsibility for CO 2 emissions.
References
Bastianoni S, Pulseli FM, Tiezzi E (2004) The problem of assigning responsibility for Greenhouse
Gas emissions. Ecol Econ 49:253–257
Boitier B (2012) CO 2 emissions production-based accounting consumption: In-sights from the
WIOD databases, version, 1–23
Davis SJ, Caldeira K (2010) Consumption-based accounting of CO 2 emissions. Sustain Sci 107
(12):5687–5692
Dietzenbacaher E, Los B, Timmer M (2013) The world Input-Output tables in the WIOD database.
J Life Cycle Assess 9(2):91–96. [in Japanese]
EDMC (The Energy Data and Modelling Center. The Institute of Energy Economics) (2012)
EDMC handbook of Japan & world energy & economic statistics. The Energy Conservation
Center, Tokyo. [in Japanese]
16 An Empirical Analysis of International Carbon Transfer
303