the quantitative analysis of CO 2 emissions induced across different areas. The results
are discussed in Sects. 16.5 and 16.6 concludes.
16.2 Global Trends in CO 2 Emissions
Figure 16.1 shows regional trends in CO 2 emissions. Total global CO 2 emissions are
approximately 30 billion tons. Asia was the highest CO 2 emitting region in 2008 and
2016, with 11.7 and 14.8 billion tons CO 2 , respectively. Emissions in North America, European countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and non-OECD Europe have slightly decreased, though emissions
from the United States are notable.
4
CO 2 emissions from Asia accounted for more than 40% of global emissions from
2009 to 2016 (Fig. 16.2). CO 2 emissions in Asia have increased to a high level,
reaching 45% of global emissions in 2016. The proportion of emissions from North
America, OECD Europe, and non-OECD Europe slightly decreased from 2009 to
2016, to 16.5%, 10.6%, and 7.4%, respectively.
Figure 16.3 indicates trends in CO 2 emissions in countries and regions in Asia
from 2009 to 2016. China has the highest emissions, emitting approximately 7.5
times as much CO 2 as Japan. Korea, Taiwan, the ASEAN,
5 and other countries in
Asia
6 have increased their emissions; in particular, the sum of emissions from
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
2009
2012
2015
2016
(million tons)
Asia
North America
Latin America
OECD Europe
Non - OECD Europe
Africa
Middle East
Oceania
Others
Fig. 16.1 Global trends in CO 2 emissions. (Source: EDMC 2012, 2015, 2018, 2019)
4 CO 2 emissions in the United States were approximately 4.8 billion tons in 2015 and 2016,
accounting for 89% of North American emissions.
5 Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.
6 “Other countries” refers to all countries in Asia except China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the
countries of the ASEAN.
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H. Haga and W. Zhou