where C p is the local carbon price, PE denotes annual primary energy consumption,
and P is the population. Urban and rural areas are indicated by u and r, respectively,
while c and e are the mean energy price and CO 2 emissions per capita, respectively.
Based on this, Fig. 7.13 shows the economic and environmental performance in
both urban and rural areas under different reduction targets. Average energy price
decreases with decreasing CO 2 emissions, reaching a minimum when the reduction
ratio is approximately 30%, after which it gradually increases. When the reduction
ratio is relatively low, rural areas have higher energy costs; conversely, the cost in
urban areas is higher with larger reduction ratios.
2
4
4
8
0.4
0.8
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0.05
0.10
0.15
1
2
3
4
Urban
Rural
Money
flow
y
t
i
c
a
p
a
c
r
e
w
o
P
(GW)
e
c
i
r
p
n
o
b
r
a
C
(
O
C
g
k
/
D
S
U
2 )
t
s
o
c
l
a
u
n
n
A
(
D
S
U
n
o
i
l
l
i
b
)
y
g
r
e
n
e
e
g
a
r
e
v
A
Price ( ×
10 -2
h
W
k
/
D
S
U
)
CO
2
s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
e
a
t
i
p
a
c
r
e
P
( t o n )
Reduction ratio of CO 2 emissions
Urban
Rural
NP
PV
WG
AC
LG
LC
FG
FC
SF
SA
Fig. 7.13 Balance of economic and environmental performance between urban and rural areas
7 Local Low-Carbon Society Scenarios of Urban-Rural Linkage
149