YHSF ¼
IRate
1 À
1
1þIRate
ð
Þ
HSLTime
ð6:7Þ
YESF ¼
IRate
1 À
1
1þIRate
ð
Þ
ESLTime
ð6:8Þ
The operation and maintenance (O&M) cost is composed of fixed and variable
costs, as illustrated in Eq. (6.9). The fixed O&M cost is calculated by multiplying the
installed DER capacity by a unit cost coefficient. The variable O&M cost is
calculated by multiplying the cumulative electrical energy for each period of DER
system operation by a unit cost coefficient.
C OM ¼
X
i
X
m
X
d
X
h
X
u
EGen i,m,d,h,u þ ESal i,m,d,h þ IElec i,m,d,h
!
Á FOMv i
þ
X
i
NInv i Á F max p i Á FOMf i
ð6:9Þ
The carbon tax cost is described in Eq. (6.10) as the cost for carbon emissions
from utility electricity purchases, on-site electricity generation, and direct gas
combustion.
C Ctax ¼
X
m
X
d
X
h
X
u
PElec m,d,h,u Á CTax Á ECInt
þ
X
i
P
m
P
d
P
h
P
u
EGen i,m,d,h,u þ ESal i,m,d,h þ IElec i,m,d,h
Eff i
þ
X
m
X
d
X
h
X
u
PGas m,d,h,u
0
B
B
B
@
1
C
C
C
A
ÁCTax Á GCInt
ð6:10Þ
The cost associated with starting and stopping is illustrated in Eq. (6.11).
C Ss ¼
X
i
X
m
X
d
X
h
FStart i,m,d,h À FStop i,m,d,h
À
Á Á ω
ð6:11Þ
The income from selling electricity to the grid is described by Eq. (6.12).
C Sal ¼
X
i
X
m
X
d
X
h
ESal i,m,d,h Á SPrice m,d,h
ð6:12Þ
6 Development of a Tool to Optimize Urban-Rural Linkage and a Decentralized Power. . . 127
IRate
1 À
1
1þIRate
ð
Þ
HSLTime
ð6:7Þ
YESF ¼
IRate
1 À
1
1þIRate
ð
Þ
ESLTime
ð6:8Þ
The operation and maintenance (O&M) cost is composed of fixed and variable
costs, as illustrated in Eq. (6.9). The fixed O&M cost is calculated by multiplying the
installed DER capacity by a unit cost coefficient. The variable O&M cost is
calculated by multiplying the cumulative electrical energy for each period of DER
system operation by a unit cost coefficient.
C OM ¼
X
i
X
m
X
d
X
h
X
u
EGen i,m,d,h,u þ ESal i,m,d,h þ IElec i,m,d,h
!
Á FOMv i
þ
X
i
NInv i Á F max p i Á FOMf i
ð6:9Þ
The carbon tax cost is described in Eq. (6.10) as the cost for carbon emissions
from utility electricity purchases, on-site electricity generation, and direct gas
combustion.
C Ctax ¼
X
m
X
d
X
h
X
u
PElec m,d,h,u Á CTax Á ECInt
þ
X
i
P
m
P
d
P
h
P
u
EGen i,m,d,h,u þ ESal i,m,d,h þ IElec i,m,d,h
Eff i
þ
X
m
X
d
X
h
X
u
PGas m,d,h,u
0
B
B
B
@
1
C
C
C
A
ÁCTax Á GCInt
ð6:10Þ
The cost associated with starting and stopping is illustrated in Eq. (6.11).
C Ss ¼
X
i
X
m
X
d
X
h
FStart i,m,d,h À FStop i,m,d,h
À
Á Á ω
ð6:11Þ
The income from selling electricity to the grid is described by Eq. (6.12).
C Sal ¼
X
i
X
m
X
d
X
h
ESal i,m,d,h Á SPrice m,d,h
ð6:12Þ
6 Development of a Tool to Optimize Urban-Rural Linkage and a Decentralized Power. . . 127