35. Zhou LM, Wang YP, Liu ZR, Huang QW (2009) Characteristics of equilibrium, kinetics studies
for adsorption of Hg(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) ions by thiourea-modified magnetic chitosan
microspheres. J Hazard Mater 161:995–1002
36. Wang JH, Zheng SR, Shao Y, Liu JL, Xu ZY, Zhu DQ (2010) Amino-functionalized
Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell magnetic nanomaterial as a novel adsorbent for aqueous heavy metals
removal. J Colloid Interface Sci 349(1):293–299
37. Chen YW, Wang JL (2011) Preparation and characterization of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles
and its application for Cu(II) removal. Chem Eng J 168(1):286–292
38. Inbaraj BS, Chen BH (2012) In vitro removal of toxic heavy metals by poly(γ-glutamic acid)coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles. J Int J Nanomed 7:4419–4432
39. Peng XL, Xu F, Zhang WZ, Wang JY, Zeng C, Niu MJ, Chmielewská E (2014) Magnetic
Fe3O4 @ silica–xanthan gum composites for aqueous removal and recovery of Pb2+. Colloids
Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 443:27–36
40. Zhao MH, Xu Y, Zhang CS, Rongm HW, Zeng GM (2016) New trends in removing heavy
metals from wastewater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100(15):6509–6518
41. Yantasee W, Warner CL, Sangvanich T, Addleman RS, Carter TG, Wiacek RJ, Fryxell GE,
Timchalk C, Warner MG (2007) Removal of heavy metals from aqueous systems with thiol
functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 41(14):5114–5119
42. Mahdavian AR, Mirrahimi MA (2010) Efficient separation of heavy metal cations by anchoring
polyacrylic acid on superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles through surface modification.
Chem Eng J 159:264–271
43. Feng LY, Cao MH, Ma XY, Zhu YS, Hu CW (2012) Superparamagnetic high-surface-area
Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as adsorbents for arsenic removal. J Hazard Mater 217–218:439–446
44. Lim SF, Lee AYW, Kam YS, Chua SND (2018) Synthesis and characterization of alginate
encapsulated zirconium-based ferromagnetic sorbent for adsorptive removal of dyes. Int J Eng
Technol 7(3.18):87–90
45. Navratil JD, Shing Tsair MT (2003) Magnetic separation of iron and heavy metals from water.
Water Sci Technol 47(1):29–32
46. Lim SF, Lee AYW, Chua SND, Lim BH, Jain P (2020) Kinetic study on heavy metal divalent
ions removal using zirconium-based magnetic sorbent. Int J of Integr Eng 12(3):225–234
47. Low KG, Lim SF (2014) Study on electrostatic extrusion method for synthesizing calcium
alginate encapsulated Iron oxide. J Appl Sci Process Eng 1:1
48. Moore TL, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Hirsch V, Balog S, Urban D, Jud C, Rothen-Rutishauser B,
Lattuada M, Petri-Fink A (2015) Nanoparticle colloidal stability in cell culture media and
impact on cellular interactions. Chem Soc Rev 44:6287–6305
49. Reddy DHK, Yun YS (2016) Spinel ferrite magnetic adsorbents: alternative future materials for
water purification? Coord Chem Rev 315:90–111
50. Anuradha Jabasingh S, Ravi T, Yimam A (2018) Magnetic hetero-structures as prospective
sorbents to aid arsenic elimination from life water streams. Water Sci 32(1):151–170
51. Mueller NC, Braun J, Bruns J, Černik M, Rissing P, Rickerby D, Nowack B (2012) Application
of nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) for groundwater remediation in Europe. Environ Sci Pollut
Res 19(2):550–558
10 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnetic Materials
409
for adsorption of Hg(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) ions by thiourea-modified magnetic chitosan
microspheres. J Hazard Mater 161:995–1002
36. Wang JH, Zheng SR, Shao Y, Liu JL, Xu ZY, Zhu DQ (2010) Amino-functionalized
Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell magnetic nanomaterial as a novel adsorbent for aqueous heavy metals
removal. J Colloid Interface Sci 349(1):293–299
37. Chen YW, Wang JL (2011) Preparation and characterization of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles
and its application for Cu(II) removal. Chem Eng J 168(1):286–292
38. Inbaraj BS, Chen BH (2012) In vitro removal of toxic heavy metals by poly(γ-glutamic acid)coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles. J Int J Nanomed 7:4419–4432
39. Peng XL, Xu F, Zhang WZ, Wang JY, Zeng C, Niu MJ, Chmielewská E (2014) Magnetic
Fe3O4 @ silica–xanthan gum composites for aqueous removal and recovery of Pb2+. Colloids
Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 443:27–36
40. Zhao MH, Xu Y, Zhang CS, Rongm HW, Zeng GM (2016) New trends in removing heavy
metals from wastewater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100(15):6509–6518
41. Yantasee W, Warner CL, Sangvanich T, Addleman RS, Carter TG, Wiacek RJ, Fryxell GE,
Timchalk C, Warner MG (2007) Removal of heavy metals from aqueous systems with thiol
functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 41(14):5114–5119
42. Mahdavian AR, Mirrahimi MA (2010) Efficient separation of heavy metal cations by anchoring
polyacrylic acid on superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles through surface modification.
Chem Eng J 159:264–271
43. Feng LY, Cao MH, Ma XY, Zhu YS, Hu CW (2012) Superparamagnetic high-surface-area
Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as adsorbents for arsenic removal. J Hazard Mater 217–218:439–446
44. Lim SF, Lee AYW, Kam YS, Chua SND (2018) Synthesis and characterization of alginate
encapsulated zirconium-based ferromagnetic sorbent for adsorptive removal of dyes. Int J Eng
Technol 7(3.18):87–90
45. Navratil JD, Shing Tsair MT (2003) Magnetic separation of iron and heavy metals from water.
Water Sci Technol 47(1):29–32
46. Lim SF, Lee AYW, Chua SND, Lim BH, Jain P (2020) Kinetic study on heavy metal divalent
ions removal using zirconium-based magnetic sorbent. Int J of Integr Eng 12(3):225–234
47. Low KG, Lim SF (2014) Study on electrostatic extrusion method for synthesizing calcium
alginate encapsulated Iron oxide. J Appl Sci Process Eng 1:1
48. Moore TL, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Hirsch V, Balog S, Urban D, Jud C, Rothen-Rutishauser B,
Lattuada M, Petri-Fink A (2015) Nanoparticle colloidal stability in cell culture media and
impact on cellular interactions. Chem Soc Rev 44:6287–6305
49. Reddy DHK, Yun YS (2016) Spinel ferrite magnetic adsorbents: alternative future materials for
water purification? Coord Chem Rev 315:90–111
50. Anuradha Jabasingh S, Ravi T, Yimam A (2018) Magnetic hetero-structures as prospective
sorbents to aid arsenic elimination from life water streams. Water Sci 32(1):151–170
51. Mueller NC, Braun J, Bruns J, Černik M, Rissing P, Rickerby D, Nowack B (2012) Application
of nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) for groundwater remediation in Europe. Environ Sci Pollut
Res 19(2):550–558
10 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnetic Materials
409